Effects of ignition energy on fire and explosion characteristics of dilute hybrid fuel in ventilation air methane

Deflagration explosions of coal dust clouds and flammable gases are a major safety concern in coal mining industry. Accidental fire and explosion caused by coal dust cloud can impose substantial losses and damages to people and properties in underground coal mines. Hybrid mixtures of methane and coal dust have the potential to reduce the minimum activation energy of a combustion reaction. In this study the Minimum Explosion Concentration (MEC), Over Pressure Rise (OPR), deflagration index for gas and dust hybrid mixtures (K_st) and explosive region of hybrid fuel mixtures present in Ventilation Air Methane (VAM) were investigated. Experiments were carried out according to the ASTM E1226-12 guideline utilising a 20 L spherical shape apparatus specifically designed for this purpose.Resultsobtained from this study have shown that the presence of methane significantly affects explosion characteristics of coal dust clouds. Dilute concentrations of methane, 0.75–1.25%, resulted in coal dust clouds OPR increasing from 0.3 bar to 2.2 bar and boosting the K_st value from 10 bar m s⁻¹ to 25 bar m s⁻¹. The explosion characteristics were also affected by the ignitors’ energy; for instance, for a coal dust cloud concentration of 50 g m⁻³ the OPR recorded was 0.09 bar when a 1 kJ chemical ignitor was used, while, 0.75 bar (OPR) was recorded when a 10 kJ chemical ignitor was used.For the first time, new explosion regions were identified for diluted methane-coal dust cloud mixtures when using 1, 5 and 10 kJ ignitors. Finally, the Le-Chatelier mixing rule was modified to predict the lower explosion limit of methane-coal dust cloud hybrid mixtures considering the energy of the ignitors.     

窟野河矿区河段表层沉积物重金属污染特征及风险评价

对窟野河上游煤矿区和中下游非煤矿区的河流表层沉积物重金属As、Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr、Co和Mn含量污染特征进行了分析比较,并采用地积累指数法和潜在生态危害指数法评价其污染程度。结果表明:重金属含量均高于陕北地区土壤背景值,煤矿区和非煤矿区重金属含量有一定的差异性,其中Cr-Cu、Cr-Cd、Mn-Cu-Zn、Co-Pb、As-Cd和As-Pb元素间有一定的同源性。煤矿区和非煤矿区均受到不同程度的重金属污染,全水域处在强的潜在生态危害级别,Cd的影响占主导地位,后期应重点监控治理。     

采冶矿活动对贵州省赫章县地下水质量影响的空间特征

以赫章县地下河和泉为对象,通过采样、水质分析研究采冶矿活动对县域地下水中元素含量的影响,运用地下水质量标准(GB/T14848-93)评价其水质状况,并采用GIS软件揭示水质变化的空间特征。结果表明,赫章县地下水Fe、Mn、Pb元素平均含量超过国家地下水环境质量Ⅲ类标准,其中Fe的平均含量超过国标Ⅲ类水质量标准2.5倍,Mn超过1.4倍,Pb超过0.05倍。水体中Fe、Mn、Cu、Cd元素含量受区域原生地球化学环境控制,同时表生地球化学作用和人类活动也深刻影响水中元素的含量与分布。县域内地下水质量整体较好,较差水质仅分布在中部地区采冶矿点处,揭示了采冶矿带来的尾矿、矿渣经风化、蚀变、分解作用后向水体环境释放诸种重金属元素。     

Dynamic risks hierarchical management and control technology of coal chemical enterprises

In order to improve the risks management and control ability of coal chemical enterprises, this paper studies the dynamic risks management and control model of coal chemical enterprises and develops the supporting application software. A dynamic risk classification control algorithm for coal chemical enterprises is constructed by combining the optimized neural network with a control chart. By analyzing the control chart, the optimized neural network is used to predict and early warn the risk development trend of enterprises, and optimize coal chemical enterprises' process flow. Based on dynamic risks hierarchical management and control, the matching application tool, “dynamic risks hierarchical management and control system” is developed. The software was applied in Hongxing company in September 2017, which was developed by C/S mode, and the server developed “Webservice” to connect SQL Server and phone. The system's real time operation through the mobile phone is fast and straightforward, which realizes the dynamic risk classification management and control of coal chemical enterprises, and achieves good results.     

基于AHP-TOPSIS法综合评判的保护层开采选择*

为优选首采层作为保护层开采,选取5个一级指标和19个二级指标,建立以AHP（层次分析法）和TOPSIS（逼近理想解排序法）为基础的煤层突出危险性评价模型,通过层次分析法确定各指标的权重,结合逼近理想解排序法分析贴近度并预测出煤层突出危险可能性,并进行现场工业性实验。结果表明:AHP-TOPSIS综合评判法预测优选8号煤层作为保护层开采,并经现场工业性实验验证,瓦斯解放效果较好。该方法结合主观因素和客观因素,避免单一地从主观出发或从客观出发带来的决策失误,并选取大量评价指标,使预测结果更贴合实际情况,可作为优选保护层的理论依据。     

燃煤高温固硫的机理及固硫影响因素探讨

燃烧中固硫是一种适合我国国情的燃煤脱硫技术。本文探讨了燃煤高温固硫过程的主要反应机理和一些常用固硫添加剂的助固硫作用,分析了影响固硫效率的主要因素,进而提出实际应用中应考虑的提高固硫效率的措施。     

煤矿地表沉陷变化预测及环境影响评价——以河南省新安县地源煤业有限公司为例

对地源煤矿的地表移动和变形进行了预测,最大下沉值为3000mm,全井田开采后地表沉陷面积为0.173 km2。在此基础上,对地表沉陷可能对生态环境造成的影响进行了分析。     

淮南矿区刘岗塘沉积物中重金属污染现状评价

通过对淮南矿区典型采煤沉陷水体（刘岗塘）中沉积物若干重金属元素含量的ICP-AES测定,分析了沉积物元素含量特征及变化趋势。对照Hakanson提出的工业化以前的重金属元素背景值,探讨了重金属元素的富集程度,运用潜在生态危害指数法评估了沉积物的污染程度。同时,根据周边直接及其他间接污染源特点,分析了其对沉积物重金属富集的影响。     

采煤塌陷地复垦模式的理论探讨

在全面分析文献及前人研究的基础上,通过理论分析,提出了采煤塌陷地复垦模式的概念、分类体系和确定的理论方法,最后总结了采煤塌陷地复垦模式的特点。对矿区采煤塌陷地复垦模式的合理选择,实现矿区的可持续发展具有一定的指导意义。     

上海市中小锅炉燃煤含硫率监测方案研究

针对燃煤含硫率监测的瓶颈问题,提出了通过对锅炉烟气二氧化硫排放浓度以及排放量获得的监测数据,推算得到燃煤含硫率的方案。