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51.
草履虫──针杆藻群落对混合印染废水净化作用的条件实验 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文对混合印染废水的静态净化过程,进行了生物群落观察和条件实验。发现废水净化初期以大量细菌和草履虫(以 P. Caudatum为主)繁殖为特征,同时伴生着少量浮游藻类。随着净化过程的进行,细菌和草履虫数量下降,以针杆藻(以 S. aucs为主)为建群种的浮游藻类群落占优势。化学分析表明,净化作用与温度、光照条件及废水起始浓度有关。 相似文献
52.
Nebil Achour Federica Pascale Andrew D. F. Price Francesco Polverino Kurtulus Aciksari Masakatsu Miyajima 《Environmental Hazards》2016,15(1):74-94
Historically, Turkey has adopted a reactive approach to natural hazards which resulted in significant losses. However, following the 1999 Kocaeli Earthquake, a more proactive approach has been adopted. This study aims to explore the way this new approach operates on the ground. A multinational and multidisciplinary team conducted a field investigation following the 2011 Van Earthquake to identify lessons to inform healthcare emergency planning in Turkey and elsewhere. The team interviewed selected stakeholders including, healthcare emergency responders, search and rescue services, ambulance services, and health authority representatives, in addition to conducting a focus group. Data were analysed according to an open coding process and SWOT (strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat) analysis. The findings suggest that the approach succeeded in developing a single vision by consolidating official efforts in a more structured way, mobilising many governmental and non-governmental organisations, securing significant amounts of resources including physical and human, and increasing the resilience and flexibility of infrastructure to expand its capacity. However, more attention is required to the development of stronger management procedures and acquisition of further resources. 相似文献
53.
Sources of organisational resiliency during the Thailand floods of 2011: a test of the bonding and bridging hypotheses 下载免费PDF全文
Simon Andrew Sudha Arlikatti Laura Siebeneck Kannapa Pongponrat Kraiwuth Jaikampan 《Disasters》2016,40(1):65-84
Based on the Institutional Collective Action framework, this research tests the impact of two competing hypotheses—bonding and bridging—on enhancing organisational resiliency. The bonding hypothesis posits that organisational resiliency can be achieved if an organisation works closely with others, whereas the bridging hypothesis argues that such a structure places considerable stress on an organisation and advocates for an organisation to position itself as a central actor to gain access to novel resources from a diverse set of entities to achieve resiliency. The paper analyses data gathered from semi‐structured interviews with 44 public, private, and non‐profit organisations serving communities affected by the Great Floods of 2011 in the Thai capital, Bangkok (urban), and in Pathum Thani (suburban) and Ayutthaya (rural) provinces. The findings suggest that: organisational resiliency was associated with the bridging effect; organisations in the rural province were more resilient than those in the suburban and urban centres; and private and non‐governmental organisations generally were more resilient than public sector organisations. The findings highlight the importance of fostering multi‐sector partnerships to enhance organisational resiliency for disaster response. 相似文献
54.
Champak R. Beeravolu Pierre Couteron Raphaël Plissier Franois Munoz 《Ecological modelling》2009,220(20):2603-2610
Neutral models provide an alternative to niche-based assembly rules of ecological communities by assuming that communities’ properties are shaped by the stochastic interplay between ecological drift, migration and speciation. The recent and ongoing interest about neutral assumptions has produced many developments on the theoretical side, with nevertheless limited echoes in terms of analyses of real-world data. The present review paper aims to help bridge the widening gap between modellers and field ecologists through two objectives. First, to provide a multi-criteria typology of the main neutral models, including those from population genetics that have not yet been transposed to ecology, by considering how the fundamental processes of ecological drift, speciation and migration are modelled and, specifically, how space is taken into account. Second, to review methods recently proposed to estimate models parameters from field data, a point that should be mastered to allow for broader applications. 相似文献
55.
This report describes a land management modeling effort that analyzed potential impacts of proposed actions under an updated
Bureau of Land Management Resource Management Plan that will guide management for 20 years on 4.6 million hectares in the
Great Basin ecoregion of the United States. State-and-transition models that included vegetation data, fire histories, and
many parameters (i.e., rates of succession, fire return intervals, outcomes of management actions, and invasion rates of native
and nonnative invasive species) were developed through workshops with scientific experts and range management specialists.
Alternative restoration scenarios included continuation of current management, full fire suppression, wildfire use in designated fire use zones, wildfire use in resilient vegetation types only, restoration with a tenfold budget increase, no restoration treatments, and no livestock grazing. Under all the scenarios, cover of vegetation states with native perennial understory declined and was replaced by tree-invaded
and weed-dominated states. The greatest differences among alternative management scenarios resulted from the use of fire as
a tool to maintain native understory. Among restoration scenarios, only the scenario assuming a tenfold budget increase had
a more desirable outcome than the current management scenario. Removal of livestock alone had little effect on vegetation
resilience. Rather, active restoration was required. The predictive power of the model was limited by current understanding
of Great Basin vegetation dynamics and data needs including statistically valid monitoring of restoration treatments, invasiveness
and invasibility, and fire histories. The authors suggest that such computer models can be useful tools for systematic analysis
of potential impacts in land use planning. However, for a modeling effort to be productive, the management situation must
be conducive to open communication among land management agencies and partner entities, including nonprofit organizations. 相似文献
56.
Anke Fischer Wouter Spekkink Christine Polzin Alberto Díaz-Ayude Ambra Brizi Irina Macsinga 《环境政策》2018,27(4):621-643
There is a substantial body of literature on public understandings of large-scale ‘environmental’ phenomena such as climate change and resource degradation. At the same time, political science and economics analyse the governance arrangements to deal with such issues. These realms of research rarely meet: there has been little research into people’s understandings of the governance of environmental change. This study adds a psychological perspective to governance research by investigating social representations of governance that promotes societal change towards sustainability, and related practices. It examines data from qualitative interviews with sustainability-interested people in seven European countries (n = 105). The analysis identified building blocks of representations suitable as an analytical framework for future research on governance representations. The diversity of their content reflected a range of pathways to societal change. Representations often seemed to have a creative function as a guiding vision for individuals’ own practices, but their wider transformative potential was constrained. 相似文献
57.
Alberto Martinetti Maria Mikela Chatzimichailidou Luisa Maida Leo van Dongen 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2019,25(1):66-75
Occupational health and safety (OHS) represents an important field of exploration for the research community: in spite of the growth of technological innovations, the increasing complexity of systems involves critical issues in terms of degradation of the safety levels. In such a situation, new safety management approaches are now mandatory in order to face the safety implications of the current technological evolutions. Along these lines, performing risk-based analysis alone seems not to be enough anymore. The evaluation of robustness, antifragility and resilience of a socio-technical system is now indispensable in order to face unforeseen events. This article will briefly introduce the topics of Safety I and Safety II, resilience engineering and antifragility engineering, explaining correlations, overlapping aspects and synergies. Secondly, the article will discuss the applications of those paradigms to a real accident, highlighting how they can challenge, stimulate and inspire research for improving OHS conditions. 相似文献
58.
Disturbance regimes,resilience, and recovery of animal communities and habitats in lotic ecosystems 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Disturbance regime is a critical organizing feature of stream communities and ecosystems. The position of a given reach in
the river basin and the sediment type within that reach are two key determinants of the frequency and intensity of flow-induced
disturbances. We distinguish between predictable and unpredictable events and suggest that predictable discharge events are
not disturbances.
We relate the dynamics of recovery from disturbance (i.e., resilience) to disturbance regime (i.e., the disturbance history
of the site). The most frequently and predictably disturbed sites can be expected to demonstrate the highest resilience.
Spatial scale is an important dimension of community structure, dynamics, and recovery from disturbance. We compare the effects
on small patches (⩽1 m2) to the effects of large reaches at the river basin level. At small scales, sediment movements and scour are major factors
affecting the distribution of populations of aquatic insects or algae. At larger scales, we must deal with channel formation,
bank erosion, and interactions with the riparian zone that will affect all taxa and processes.
Our understanding of stream ecosystem recovery rests on our grasp of the historical, spatial, and temporal background of contemporary
disturbance events. 相似文献
59.
Ecological disturbances of forests by insects have a complex array of associated human dimensions presenting complications
for natural resource decision making and relationships between stakeholders and managers. This article discusses the human
context of forest disturbances by insects by reviewing four cases of bark beetle forest disturbance from British Columbia
in Canada, Bavarian Forest National Park in Germany, the Kenai Peninsula in Alaska, and the north central region of Colorado.
Findings and lessons learned from these studies are outlined along with their implications for managing forest disturbances
by insects in general. Conclusions focus on the need to assess the broad array of impacts and risks perceived by local residents
and the capacity for local action and involvement in managing forest disturbances. Communication and interaction between resource
managers and local stakeholders can facilitate the identification of management priorities and potentially reduce some of
the risks associated with forest disturbances by insects. 相似文献
60.
Thomas G. Measham 《Environmental management》2009,43(6):1096-1107
Conventional approaches to evaluation of environmental programs have tended to limit themselves to restricted measures of
program effectiveness. This paper shows how a social learning approach can be incorporated into evaluating public environmental
programs. A social learning approach is particularly suited to complex environmental challenges which are inherently difficult
to understand, predict, and manage, thus complicating the evaluation process. The paper presents an Australian case study
of dryland salinity management where there are major knowledge barriers impeding conventional management techniques. The research
presented in this paper focused on evaluating a public demonstration program to track its impact through its design, implementation,
and monitoring phases. The paper shows that, by incorporating social learning principles and practices, program evaluation
can promote collective action, critical reflection, and increased knowledge to underpin improved environmental management. 相似文献