大港发电厂温排水对附近海域浮游动物影响研究

分别于2010年夏、冬季对大港发电厂温排水口附近海域浮游动物进行调查。结果表明:调查区浮游动物以桡足类和幼虫类占优势,群落结构相对稳定,但丰度明显低于渤海湾其他海区,种类组成、丰度和多样性指数具有夏季高于冬季、近岸低于远岸的时空变化特征。临近温排水口的TJHS1117站位的浮游动物群落物种数、丰度及多样性等在6个调查站位中都处于最低,可见温排水对浮游动物群落结构及平面分布有一定的影响。     

着生藻类群落在黄浦江水质监测中的应用

在分析黄浦江不同断面水质理化指标的基础上，从着生藻类群落中的优势种、两类多样性指数等参数的变动状况，分析不同断面的水质对参照点着生藻类群落的影响。生物多样性指数、硅藻指数与水质级别关系分析表明，除部分次数的实验相关性不好外，基本能反映水质相对级别的差异，且季节性数值差异较小。研究指出：在了解参照点水质的情况下，可以通过对参照点藻类群落的室内测试来定性或者定量监测同一河流水质生态环境的综合状况，较之野外生态调查，可以节省大量的工作量。     

黄浦江上游底栖动物的指示生物生态研究

就黄浦江上游水质现状，底栖动物指示种的适用范围及其对污染的指示意义，加以探讨，研究，结果筛选出适应于当前水质状况的底栖动物有颤蚓，水丝蚓，珍珠蚌，钩虾和摇蚊幼虫等指示种，从底栖动物指示种的变化，可预测水质变化的趋势以及季节性的差异。     

农药污染对土壤动物群落影响的实验研究

通过敌敌畏农药污染的模拟实验,研究了农药污染对土壤动物的影响。结果表明:随着敌敌畏农药处理浓度的提高,土壤动物种类数从低浓度(0.04mL/L)的53属(科)减少至高浓度(10mL/L)的26属(科);个体数则从低浓度占全捕量的14.1%减少到高浓度仅占全捕量的2%;而随处理时间的延长,对土壤动物的影响不太明显;大型土壤动物蚯蚓的染毒实验表明:蚯蚓可作为农药污染的重要指示动物。      

平江县生态弹性度定量分析评价研究

根据生态弹性力的概念,体会其深刻内涵及意义,根据区域实际情况,科学合理的构建平江县生态系统弹性力评价指标体系,运用综合评价的方法计算分析平江县生态系统弹性力,结果显示从2008年至2013年间,平江县生态系统弹性力呈下降趋势,主要原因是水资源总量下降,并对之后生态系统可持续发展和经济发展提出建议.     

基于神经网络综合建模的区域城市群发展脆弱性评价——以滇中城市群为例

城市脆弱性是评价城市发展韧性状况的有效测度。目前我国对于城市脆弱性的研究以运用统计学方法评价特殊城市为主,尚未形成对区域城市群具有普遍适用性的科学客观评价方法。以滇中城市群为例,从环境系统、经济系统、社会系统三个方面综合构建城市脆弱性评价体系,采用熵值法和BP神经网络综合建模方法,对2007—2016年10年间滇中城市群的城市脆弱性进行评价。结果表明:滇中城市群的城市脆弱性总体呈现下降趋势,但城市组团之间差异较大,呈现出发展中的不均衡性。评价结果对滇中城市群韧性发展规划具有重要指导意义,为区域城市群发展脆弱性研究提供一种科学评价方法。     

淮河流域淮安段着生藻类群落结构特征分析

于2021年5月对淮安境内淮河主要干支流8个点位的水质状况和着生藻类群落结构采样调查,应用3种多样性指数模型评价区域水生态健康状况,并探究影响着生藻类多样性的因素。结果表明：采样期间淮河流域淮安市域共检出着生藻类3门23科32属（种）,由硅藻门、蓝藻门和绿藻门组成,硅藻门占绝对优势;多样性指数计算结果显示,流域水生态状况良好,整体表现为清洁-轻污型水体,淮河上游水质稍差于其他水域;结合水质监测数据与卫星遥感影像分析,认为生境状况是影响着生藻类群落分布的主要因素。     

Applying assessments of adaptive capacity to inform natural-resource management in a changing climate

Adaptive capacity (AC)—the ability of a species to cope with or accommodate climate change—is a critical determinant of species vulnerability. Using information on species’ AC in conservation planning is key to ensuring successful outcomes. We identified connections between a list of species’ attributes (e.g., traits, population metrics, and behaviors) that were recently proposed for assessing species’ AC and management actions that may enhance AC for species at risk of extinction. Management actions were identified based on evidence from the literature, a review of actions used in other climate adaptation guidance, and our collective experience in diverse fields of global-change ecology and climate adaptation. Selected management actions support the general AC pathways of persist in place or shift in space, in response to contemporary climate change. Some actions, such as genetic manipulations, can be used to directly alter the ability of species to cope with climate change, whereas other actions can indirectly enhance AC by addressing ecological or anthropogenic constraints on the expression of a species’ innate abilities to adapt. Ours is the first synthesis of potential management actions directly linked to AC. Focusing on AC attributes helps improve understanding of how and why aspects of climate are affecting organisms, as well as the mechanisms by which management interventions affect a species’ AC and climate change vulnerability. Adaptive-capacity-informed climate adaptation is needed to build connections among the causes of vulnerability, AC, and proposed management actions that can facilitate AC and reduce vulnerability in support of evolving conservation paradigms.     

Meter-scale variation within a single transect demands attention to taxon accumulation curves in riverine microbiome studies

● Riverine microbiomes exhibited hyperlocal variation within a single transect. ● Certain family-level taxa directionally associated with river center and bank. ● Taxon accumulation curves within a transect urges more nuanced sampling design. Microbial communities inhabiting river ecosystems play crucial roles in global biogeochemical cycling and pollution attenuation. Spatial variations in local microbial assemblages are important for detailed understanding of community assembly and developing robust biodiversity sampling strategies. Here, we intensely analyzed twenty water samples collected from a one-meter spaced transect from the near-shore to the near-center in the Meramec River in eastern Missouri, USA and examined the microbial community composition with 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing. Riverine microbiomes across the transect exhibited extremely high similarity, with Pearson’s correlation coefficients above 0.9 for all pairwise community composition comparisons. However, despite the high similarity, PERMANOVA revealed significant spatial differences between near-shore and near-center communities (p = 0.001). Sloan’s neutral model simulations revealed that within-transect community composition variation was largely explained by demographic stochasticity (R² = 0.89). Despite being primarily explained by neutral processes, LefSe analyses also revealed taxa from ten families of which relative abundances differed directionally from the bank to the river center, indicating an additional role of environmental filtering. Notably, the local variations within a river transect can have profound impacts on the documentation of alpha diversity. Taxon-accumulation curves indicated that even twenty samples did not fully saturate the sampling effort at the genus level, yet four, six and seven samples were able to capture 80% of the phylum-level, family-level, and genus-level diversity, respectively. This study for the first time reveals hyperlocal variations in riverine microbiomes and their assembly mechanisms, demanding attention to more robust sampling strategies for documenting microbial diversity in riverine systems.     

专用滚压成形设备设计中主要技术分析

介绍了专用滚压成形设备中滚轮及升降装置的设计 ,分析了其技术特点及可行性。