基于生态补偿的社会经济发展调控研究-以深圳水库为例

深圳水库负责深港地区的供水,其中向香港地区的供水占香港总用水量的70%左右,战略地位极其重要。然而,深圳水库却面临水华爆发的危险。除东江来水的原因外,水库周边区域的社会经济活动构成了水库水质恶化的根源。因此本文提出了基于生态补偿的社会经济调控,以期达到保证深港地区的供水安全的目的。     

生态补偿机制的建立及补偿资金的筹集

中国经济的持续发展，资源和环境方面的矛盾日益显现，生态补偿机制可以解决自然资源受益人和受害者之间出现的“不公平”。生态作为补偿机制的首要问题是补偿金的筹集问题。     

芦山地震灾区生态补偿对策研究

芦山大地震造成了巨大的生态破坏,导致了生态系统发生退化,尤其是地形条件极其复杂的山地生态系统退化更加严重。由于地震而引发的次生灾害对于山地生态系统的影响也非常显著。生态系统及其服务的可持续性是人类社会可持续发展的决定性约束因素,震后人类赖以生存与发展的自然环境面临威胁。因此,修复生态系统,实施生态补偿是震后保护生态环境问题的迫切需要。文章分析了芦山地震对灾区生态环境及自然保护区的影响,提出了震后生态补偿的思路、重难点和对策建议,以供雅安灾后生态重建借鉴。     

我国震灾保险研究若干问题的思考

本文在评价国外震灾保险制式的基础上，对国内该项研究的若干基本问题作了剖析和探讨，进而指出，只有挣脱传统观念的束缚，才能构建合乎国情民意的合理运行模式。     

Chemical Warfare Materiel: Unique Regulatory Issues

In those states that have not included CWM as hazardous materials in their RCRA programs, the RCRA requirements for management of hazardous waste would not strictly apply to any of the CWM. The Army has historically implemented procedures requiring that chemical warfare agents be managed as RCRA hazardous waste regardless of the concentration, physical form, or configuration of the agent. Such application of strict hazardous waste requirements to management of potentially nonhazardous CWM can result in remedial costs well out of proportion to potential human health and environmental benefits. Recent development of chronic toxicity values for the CWM has opened the door for development of cleanup and waste management standards for waste streams or media containing small residual amounts of CWM. Implementation of this health-based approach to management of CWM remediation wastes may, in part, help to reduce potentially unnecessary hazardous waste management costs for the nonhazardous CWM.     

流域生态补偿机制的进化博弈分析

利用进化博弈的复制动态方法,建立流域生态补偿的进化博弈模型,研究利益相关者基于利益因素的动态博弈特征。结果表明,在上下游的"环境责任协议"制度中引入激励机制—监督惩罚成本后,流域生态补偿机制中的利益相关者最终进化成哪种策略取决于对下游地区补偿不能及时到位的行为的惩罚力度(即监督惩罚成本的大小)、下游地区对上游地区的生态补偿量以及上游因损害生态资源而给下游地区的赔偿量。通过调整这三个关键因素,可促使(保护,补偿)成为纳什均衡,从而有效地激励人们从事生态投资并保持这种投资的持续性,实现流域生态环境的可持续发展。     

我国地方层面生态补偿实践经验与借鉴

生态补偿机制的构建,不仅有利于缩小区际间的差距,还原生态以价值,而且还是环境降压的出口,促进环境建设,走可持续发展的道路。文章以生态补偿实践应用的角度为切入点,从流域、省域和地市3个层面系统分析了地方生态补偿的实践经验,在此基础上提出了现有的实践经验对我国地方层面生态补偿所带来的借鉴与启示。     

对建立抚顺东部山区生态补偿机制若干问题的探讨

通过对生态补偿和生态补偿机制的诠释,结合抚顺市东部山区生态环境现状,阐述了建立抚顺东部山区生态补偿机制的必要性,对建立生态补偿机制需进行的基础工作和几个相关问题进行了初步探讨。     

Critical Subset Allocation: A Framework for Complex Remedial Sites

Critical subset allocation (CSA) is a methodology for allocating remediation costs at sites where multiple contaminants contribute to the exceedance of multiple regulatory risk standards. The basic unit of allocation in CSA is the critical subset, which is a subset of potentially responsible parties (PRPs) that meets two criteria: 1) the risks associated with the subset exceed at least one regulatory risk standard; and 2) at least one of the PRPs in the subset is individually necessary for the first criterion to be true. Each PRP is assigned an allocation score equal to the number of critical subsets for which that PRP is an individually necessary member. The allocation share of a PRP is equal to its allocation score divided by the sum of all PRP allocation scores.