Improving Operational Planning and Management of National Parks in Turkey: A Case Study

The purpose this study was to improve operational planning and management of national parks in Turkey to balance conservation use and sustainable management. Souksu National Park (SNP) was chosen as the study area. The data were obtained from interviews of 182 visitor groups (in total, 819 people) and analyzed using correlation, factor, discriminant, and regression analyses. It was found that the most important factors affecting operational planning and management of SNP are (1) travel cost, (2) visitor welfare level, (3) intensity of use, (4) size of visitor group, (5) type of recreational demand. The main source of visitors to SNP is from a zone within a 0–90-km radius. This region comprised 53.85% of total visitors to the park. The capital of Turkey (Ankara) is the most important source of visitors from within this zone. The optimum activity mix in SNP is also determined. Picnicking, viewing the scenery, and nature walks or trekking comprised the main uses of the park. It is anticipated that these findings will help to improve operational planning and sustainable management of the national park and the environment.     

清洁生产——实现我国工业可持续发展的必由之路

从可持续发展战略出发,阐述了目前我国在工业生产发展中面临的问题。为解决工业发展与保护环境的矛盾,实现社会与自然的协调发展,提出了以清洁生产为主,末端处理为辅,从根本上消除污染,节约原料与能源走发展工业的新路。     

A model testing study for the transfer of radioactivity to fruit

This paper compares predictions of the foodchain model SPADE with experimental data for the transfer of (134)Cs and (85)Sr to strawberry plants following acute foliar and soil contamination. The transfer pathways considered in this exercise included direct deposition to fruit, leaf-to-fruit, soil-to-leaf and soil-to-fruit transfers. Following foliar contamination, the difference between predicted and measured radionuclide activity values varied between a factor of 0.5-10 for fruit and 4.5-7 for leaf. Following soil contamination, the difference between predicted and measured values varied between a factor of 3-74 for fruit and 32-44 for leaf. In all cases the difference between measured and predicted values was smaller for (85)Sr than (134)Cs. Measured and predicted activities were higher for leaf than fruit. Both measured and predicted (134)Cs concentrations in fruit and leaf are higher when deposition occurs at ripening than at anthesis. These results confirm the need for more data on fruit, even for Cs and Sr, to support models in predicting the transfer of radionuclides to fruit crops. Ongoing research projects funded by the UK Food Standards Agency aim to provide some data on radionuclide transfer to herbaceous, shrub and tree fruits, which will help improve radiological assessment models in order to provide better protection for consumers.     

环境污染事故灾害的特点与影响分析

环境污染事故灾害现已成为环境灾害中不可忽视的灾种之一，严重威胁着人们生命与财产的安全，并制约着环境经济社会的持续稳定发展。本文根据山东省近几年环境污染事故灾害的状况，系统分析了其特点与环境影响，并提出了相应的防减灾对策。     

Emergency centers in Israel: A small community organizes to cope with war related crises*

This paper focuses on community-wide emergencies caused by war-related events in Lebanon at the beginning of June 1982. Mobilization for the "Peace for Galilee" campaign began on Friday, 4th June. Overnight, families were disrupted, husbands and sons were in danger, and within 24 hours there were notifications of casualities and deaths. Families in crisis became a widespread phenomenon. In Herzlia, as in many other communities, a new service - the Emergency Center - emerged under the auspices of the Ministry of Labor and Social Affairs and the Municipality. The authors describe this process of getting organized, the populations served, how the Center was staffed, the role of citizen volunteers, and the types of interventions used to help vulnerable families as well as soldiers home on leave. Stress is placed on the unique type of short-term co-operation achieved between social workers of the local Department of Social Welfare, the staff of the Department of Community Services (especially its Volunteer Bureau), the local liason officer of the Israel Defence Force, the municipal government, and public-spirited volunteers. Mention is made of conditions which made possible the activation of such a service within hours, of the Center's capacity to serve all segments of the population, and of how it was deactivated within a few weeks when the emergency ended. On the basis of lessons learned from this experience, the paper ends with a number of specific recommendations. The authors hope that such innovative forms of crisis-intervention will become part of the helping technology widely available at the community level in future years.     

可交易水污染许可证发展现状与应用前景

可交易排污许可证在传统的排污许可证基础上，引入市场机制。不但对企业选择污染控制手段赋予更大的灵活性，而且可以大大节约水污染控制费用、剌激企业开发并建设更加经济有效的污染控制技术。国外十多年的研究和实践证明可交易排污许可证是一种经济而有效的环境管理手段。水污染排放许可证制度在我国的应用已有一定基础。在条件具备的地区可以引进可交易水污染物排放许可证制度，本文回顾了“可交易水污染许可证制度”的理论分析和国外实践，进而探讨在中国的应用前景     

威海市生态环境特色及其发展策略

论述了影响威海市生态环境建设的因素 ,在充分分析这些因素的优势及劣势基础上 ,对威海生态环境及可持续发展城市建设提出了一系列实施策略 ,为威海市地区生态环境发展方向的调节提供参考依据     

污染生态学的新发展—污染进化生态学

污染胁迫的最显著效应是消除敏感物种或个体，导致植物居群进化。突变是进化的原料，选择是进化的手段，隔离是进化的条件，控制抗性性状的基因因物种及污染物的种类不同而异，但也会出现植物同时具有对某两种或几种污染物的抗性，即所谓协同抗性；污染除使植物衰退外，还可能导致一些遗传信息丧失，使抗性种群内物种单一，降低其适合度，对其它环境胁迫因素的抵抗力下降，即所谓适应代价。     

采取综合治理措施减少汽车排放污染

石油与汽车已成为一对密不可分的产生，彼此制约，相互促进，协调发展成为人类文明和社会进步不可缺少的物资和工具，随着石油和汽车工业的高速发展，它的负面效应威脸到人们的正常生活和国民经济的健康发展，因此必须采取综合治理措施制订国家，地方环保法规和排放标准，处理好石油，汽车和环境的关系，保持其协调，健康，快速发展。     

膜生物反应器技术的研究和应用展望

膜生物反应器是将膜分离技术与生物上结合而开发的新型系统，该文就膜生物反应器的特征、研究现状、不同形式反应器的技术参数与处理效果等。进行了综述、由于膜生物反应器具有明显的优点，故愈来愈受到人们的重视、成为研究的热点之一。膜生物反应器的研究和范围不断拓宽，有的已进入污水处理实用阶段，建议今后在开发适合于分离的特种膜方面，在组件形式，操作条件，清洗方式等对膜通量的影响方面，以及生物作用与膜分离工艺的相互