Development of inherent safety and health index for formulated product design

The numerous formulated products which are introduced to the market consist of chemical ingredients that may cause various safety and health hazards to the consumers. Therefore, it is extremely important to practice a systematic methodology to formulate products with acceptable safety and health performances. This work presents an index-based methodology to assess the safety and health hazards of the ingredients during the early formulation stage of product design. Hence, new inherent safety and health sub-indexes are introduced to improve the current safety and health hazards that are needed in formulated product design. The inherent safety and health sub-indexes are assigned with scores based on the degree of potential hazards. A higher score indicates a higher safety risk or severe health effect, and vice versa. The proposed methodology will greatly assist the users to identify the adverse safety and health effects caused by the ingredients. Hence, it is pivotal to eliminate or reduce the safety and health impacts from product usage. A case study on common ingredients used in the formulation of paint is presented on this study to describe the proposed method.     

Constructing regional scenarios for sustainable agriculture in European Russia and Ukraine for 2000 to 2070

This study estimates the consequences of climate change on cropland with and without implementation of adaptation measures, paying special attention to the maintenance of soil organic carbon (C) stocks. We examine the possibility for regional sustainable agricultural management practice that combines both maintenance and gain in soil carbon level with profit maximization. Future scenarios of Regional Agricultural Production Systems (RAPS) were constructed for 2000–2070 based on linking the effects of global climate change, predicted change in productivity parameters for the main agricultural crops, land-use and soil database parameters. The RAPS were used to examine profitability and feasibility of alternative agricultural scenarios, based on an economic model. A number of recommendations for decision making were proposed based on an assessment of the efficiency of adaptation in animal husbandry and in the crop production sector, after analysis of current percentage of perennial grass in rotation in comparison with future economic scenarios. Figures in color are available at     

长江经济开放开发带湖北科技发展态势及对策

湖北长江经济带的开放开发是在经济发展具有一定实力基础上的再开放再开发，只有以科技为主导，才能使其立足高起点，体现高水平，实现新突破，要始终把握“围绕一条主线，把握两个坚持，努力实现四化”的指导思想，着力建设湖北沿江高新产业带，星火技术密集带，信息公路网络带（一江三带），使湖北长江经济带成为我国中部的科技走廓，为此，要优化科技资源配置，提高研究开发投资水平，建设“八个中心”健全科技服务体系，完善宏观     

A Scottish approach to training for the unemployed: work‐start Ltd., Dundee

This article discusses the structure and performance of Work‐Start Ltd., a company located in Dundee and providing training for the unemployed. The company has attracted national and international attention by its innovative approach. Set up to meet the specific problems of peripheral housing estates, it is now responding to rapid changes in the local labour market.     

Cooperative Game Among Cities in Urban Agglomerations and Economical Sustainable Development

This paper analyses redounded profits of cooperation and non-cooperation among cities in urban agglomerations based on game theory. It discusses the problems of economical development among cities with feeble cooperation, and deduces the conclusion that only cooperation of cities produces the maximum profits and realizes Pareto efficiency for cities and urban agglomerations. The paper states that cooperation is the cornerstone of economic sustainable development in urban agglomerations in profits produced by cooperation among cities. Some suggestions to accelerate cooperation among cities are proposed.     

The Structure of Energy Supply for Tissue Adaptation in Small Mammals Differing in Ecological Specialization

Multivariate factor analysis of the data on liver bioenergetics of mountain and forest voles has been performed. The specific features of tissue energy metabolism are best differentiated in the space of characters pertaining to the succinic acid oxidation system. The role of the dominant oxidation substrate in the structure of energy supply for the adaptation of tissue to a set of environmental factors in specialized and widespread species is discussed.     

我国地热资源与可持续开发利用

地热资源是清洁能源，在我国有广泛的分布，本文在对我国地热资源及其开发利用现状的分析基础上，指出我国地热产业存在的问题和面临的机遇，提出了地热资源可持续开发利用的对策建议。     

社会发展综合实验区生态建设及科技引导途径

本文提出了社会发展综合实验区建设的实质就是协调好人口、资源与环境间的生态关系，为了促进社会—经济—自然复合生态系统的持续发展，探讨了科技引导实验区生态建设的途径。     

中国可持续发展指标体系建立的原则及结构

本文从中国的现实情况出发，借鉴了国外研究可持续发展指标体系的经验，提出了中国可持续发展指标体系的建立原则和结构。     

对退耕还林中农民选择权认识的经济学分析

农户决策行为和反应机制无疑是考察项目可持续性的一个重要方面。本文应用微观经济学理论．结合退耕还林工程的实际情况．提出理论假说：贫瘠土地退出种植是经济发展到一定水平的自发结果。并根据三省遐耕还林的实际调查数据。采用计量模型对退耕还林农户选择权认识问题进行检验。研究结果表明退耕还林工程的可持续性还存在一定隐患，退耕还林工程不仅要和当地的经济发展紧密结合。在操作方法上还需进一步改进。