Development of inherent safety and health index for formulated product design

The numerous formulated products which are introduced to the market consist of chemical ingredients that may cause various safety and health hazards to the consumers. Therefore, it is extremely important to practice a systematic methodology to formulate products with acceptable safety and health performances. This work presents an index-based methodology to assess the safety and health hazards of the ingredients during the early formulation stage of product design. Hence, new inherent safety and health sub-indexes are introduced to improve the current safety and health hazards that are needed in formulated product design. The inherent safety and health sub-indexes are assigned with scores based on the degree of potential hazards. A higher score indicates a higher safety risk or severe health effect, and vice versa. The proposed methodology will greatly assist the users to identify the adverse safety and health effects caused by the ingredients. Hence, it is pivotal to eliminate or reduce the safety and health impacts from product usage. A case study on common ingredients used in the formulation of paint is presented on this study to describe the proposed method.     

Journal of Environmental Radioactivity special issue: international topical conference on Po and radioactive Pb isotopes

An international conference on polonium (Po) and radioactive isotopes was held in Seville Spain, 26-28 October 2009 at the Centro Nacional de Aceleradores. It was attended by 138 participants from 38 different countries. The sessions covered all aspects on Po and lead (Pb) such as radiochemistry, terrestrial and marine radioecology, kinetics, sedimentation rates, atmospheric tracers, NORM industries and dose assessment     

Climate negotiations at a crucial stage: the Hague meeting of contracting Parties in November 2000 and its follow-up

The author discusses the central issues of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol in the general context of the Rio process. The nexus of issues under negotiation in relation to climate change are viewed in the context of multilateral diplomacy for sustainable development. The article outlines the background to the important Sixth Conference of the Parties, held in the Hague in November 2000, and highlights the relationship between the main actors in the negotiations. Finally, the main results of the Hague negotiations are presented, followed by comments on follow-up procedures and perspectives.     

联合国环境规划署（UNEP）的角色演进

环境问题是全球性问题,应对环境问题的需要催生了联合国环境规划署。其是联合国系统内最早成立的专门处理环境问题的机构,且为在全球层面上处理环境问题作出了重要贡献。自1972年成立以来,以里约会议为分界点,联合国环境规划署的发展可分为两个阶段,其在这两个阶段的发展状况有所不同。UNEP成立以来为世界环境保护事业做了很多努力,取得了可喜的成绩,但是世界环境恶化的趋势并没有得到遏制,国际环境管理体制存在着诸多的问题,UNEP面临着巨大的挑战和新的机遇。     

减灾与可持续发展模式--从第二次世界减灾大会看中国减灾战略的调整

简要介绍了2005年1月17日-22日在日本神户召开的世界减灾大会的基本内容,并着重论述了当前国际减灾领域的重要进展和发展趋向,就减灾与可持续发展作了系统的论证,提出了我国减灾领域近期发展的主要方向.从世界减灾大会的各项议程和各类论坛可以看出,未来世界减灾的战略可以概括如下:加强减灾能力建设是促进区域可持续发展的核心任务,全面推进社区减灾体系的建设是实现未来10年减灾目标的关键任务;建立与灾害风险共存的经济与社会体系,必须把减灾与区域发展有机地整合起来,寻求除害与兴利并举的可持续发展模式,建设接受一定风险水平的安全社区体系;重视包括全球气候变化、经济全球化、世界城镇化等自然与人文过程引发或孕育的新的灾害风险;建立满足区域减灾目标需要的预警系统,加强减灾信息共享,充分利用现有的减灾资源.针对国际减灾发展趋向,提出了中国减灾战略调整的建议,即实施"区域减灾"、"综合减灾"、"科教减灾"、"提高区域减灾能力"和"加强减灾科技能力建设".     

Cleaner production and UNIDO

Even though there were many similar-sounding themes and works at the Stockholm (1972) and Rio (1992) conferences, there are two fundamental differences for industrial development between the plans of action elaborated by the two conferences. One difference is the message, i.e. the nature of the industrial environmental problem. The new message assigns priority to pollution prevention over pollution control because it is a more efficient and effective response to emerging environmental concerns. The other difference is the media, i.e. the major forces of development as well as environmental management agencies must be actively involved in meeting emerging environmental concerns. As the lead organization in the UN system for industrial development, UNIDO is cooperating with many developing countries to implement Agenda 21 of the Rio Conference. UNIDO is promoting the new message of cleaner production as the means by which industry can be environmentally responsible while remaining competitive and profitable.     

带温控装置的机载外挂设备挂飞可靠性试验方法

目的 制定安装于带温控装置吊舱内的机载外挂电子设备挂飞可靠性试验剖面,并提出一种安装于带温控装置吊舱内的机载外挂电子设备挂飞可靠性试验方法。方法 结合机载外挂电子设备的典型任务剖面及其复杂多样的环境条件,以某机载侦察相机为例,给出带温控装置吊舱内的机载外挂电子设备可靠性鉴定试验中试验方案的选择依据,然后根据GJB 899A—2009中的温度应力、振动应力简化处理原则和典型任务剖面的持续时间及其占比,得到温度、振动应力条件,并合成挂飞可靠性试验剖面。结果 使用该方法对某机载侦察相机的温度、振动应力进行处理,得到了带温控装置的吊舱内的机载外挂电子设备挂飞可靠性试验剖面。结论 提出的带温控装置吊舱内的机载外挂电子设备挂飞可靠性试验剖面设计方法,为安装于带温控装置的吊舱内的机载外挂电子设备开展可靠性鉴定试验提供了指导。     

室内环境前沿研究动态

综述了第11次室内环境国际大会的专题报告会、主题发言和热点论坛的内容,梳理分类了专题报告会和热点论坛,指出值得关注的焦点问题、新理念、新动向。