源头农业区不同类型水塘中水体沉积物磷吸附容量

湖泊和湿地沉积物性质受到其所在流域土地利用的显著影响.本实验以一个源头小流域的水塘系统为例,研究了位于不同土地利用中的水塘沉积物磷吸附特征.由于水塘分散于不同土地利用中,接收来自于不同土地利用的径流和土壤颗粒,水塘系统提供了研究磷吸附性质的极好范例.研究表明:水塘沉积物具有强的磷吸附容量.吸附最大值(S_max)为228～974mg·kg^-1,平衡浓度(EPC0)为0.004～0.032mg·L^-1,平均饱和度(DPS)仅为9.5%.水塘周围土地利用明显影响沉积物物理化学性质和吸附性质.对于S_max,周围土地利用为林地的山塘最大,而周围土地利用为村庄的村塘最小,其顺序为山塘>旱塘>田塘>河塘>村塘.对于EPC_O则正好相反,山塘<旱塘<田塘<河塘<村塘.分析表明,草酸浸提态铁(Fe_ox)同磷吸附最大值S_max具有显著正相关关系(r²=0.85,p<0.001),而KCl浸提态磷(KCl-P)同平衡浓度EPC_O具有显著正相关关系(r²=0.83,p<0.001).多重回归分析表明草酸浸提态铁(Fe_ox)和KCl浸提态磷(KCl-P)是控制水塘沉积物磷吸附的关键因子.     

复合人工湿地-池塘养殖生态系统细菌多样性研究

于2009年8至10月对比调查研究了由人工湿地-池塘养殖复合构成的池塘循环水养殖系统和传统池塘养殖系统中水体理化和生物特征,并利用变性梯度凝胶电泳技术(DGGE)分析了两系统中的细菌多样性。研究结果表明:试验期间各池塘水温和溶氧随月份呈下降趋势,对照塘NH4+-N和TP显著高于循环塘(P＜0.05),而循环塘间无显著差...     

高效藻类塘与水生植物塘联用深度净化受污染河水研究

采用高效藻类塘与水生植物塘联用工艺对劣Ⅴ类河水进行深度净化,通过对出水中CODCr,NH4+-N,TP和DO等指标的分析测定,研究了其对沈阳某河流水体的净化效果。结果表明,在HRT为4 d,水深0.5 m,进水CODCr为70~100 mg/L,DO,NH4+-N,TN和TP浓度分别为0.89~1.65,1.6~2.9,2.3~4.5和0.6~1.2 mg/L的条件下,联用工艺出水CODCr为35.40 mg/L,DO,NH4+-N,PO43--P,TN和TP浓度分别为5.88,0.66,0.17,1.51和0.16mg/L,水体中各项指标均达到GB 3838—2002《地表水环境质量标准》中规定的Ⅴ类标准。水生植物塘对藻类塘出水中的藻类有很好的去除效果,平均去除率为94.5%。联用工艺对CODCr,NH4+-N和PO43--P的去除效果均表现为一级藻类塘>二级藻类塘>水生植物塘,其中藻类塘起主要作用。     

氧化塘-浮石床湿地系统处理城市污染河水

以氧化塘-浮石床湿地复合系统为研究对象,探讨了该系统在旱期与雨期工况下分别处理城市旱期低污染河水与雨期重污染河水的运行状况,结果表明:该复合系统可有效处理旱期低污染河水和雨期重污染河水。系统在旱期工况(塘与湿地的水力负荷分别为0.22,0.37 m/d)与雨期工况下分别处理低污染河水和重污染河水的出水中SS、COD、TP、TN与NH4+-N均达GB 18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》的一级A标准。     

淹没式生物膜-稳定塘组合技术处理农村生活污水研究

以淹没式生物膜-稳定塘组合技术处理农村生活污水,系统取消了二沉池、污泥回流。运行结果表明:系统对COD、NH3-N、TN和TP的平均去除率分别为84.33%、97.02%、80.18%和77.34%,出水平均浓度分别为14.88,1.06,9.92,0.53 mg/L。淹没式生物膜系统出水污泥浓度为零,稳定塘出水水质良好,可满足中水回用。     

曝气池中噬菌体分布及作用的研究

噬菌体是广泛分布于自然界的细菌病毒,由于它在寄主、分布、耐受性等方面与某些致病、致癌病毒基本一致,以及单链核酸噬菌体专一雄性感染方式等特点,近年来在环境科学中正获得愈来愈多的应用。例如噬菌体被用来预测农作物中细菌病原菌的曝发;作为生活用水的污染指标和江河湖泊水流流速、流向的追踪剂。 在污水处理站曝气池中的生态学研究中多年来科学工作者广泛研究了微型动物、真菌、放线菌、酵母和细菌的分类、分布以及它们之间的相互作用。其中不论从数量上、种类     

凤眼莲净化含酚污水的研究——Ⅰ.盆栽和氧化塘试验及几种环境条件对除酚的影响

通过盆栽、模拟箱和氧化塘中凤眼莲净化含酚污水的试验表明:放养凤眼莲能使除酚过程加快,在0.6—10mg/L酚浓度范围内,植物净化速率为一般自然净化速率的2—3倍。在温度17—37℃范围内,凤眼莲均能明显加速酚水的净化。光照强度对凤眼莲净化酚水速率无显著影响。平衡地提高水中矿质营养元素的浓度,能加速除酚的过程。 水中含酚量小于1mg/L不造成植株中酚的残留;6mg/L以下酚含量增加亦不明显;10mg/L以上则随酚浓度的提高,植株中酚含量成倍增加。     

Phosphorus sorption capacities in a headstream landscape—The pond chain structure

Introduction The nonpoint source P pollutants play a significant role in eutrophication processes in the southeast of China. Nonpoint sources pollution from agricultural regions account for more than half of the phosphorus load in many water bodies (Linke…     

Cooling water use patterns at US nonutility electric generating facilities

Cooling water is used by many industrial facilities. The largest user of cooling water is the electric power industry, although other significant users include the pulp and paper, chemical, iron and steel, aluminum, and petroleum refining industries. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is currently developing regulations to implement section 316(b) of the Clean Water Act, which deals with cooling water intake structures. The EPA will examine cooling water use patterns at various industries. Data pertaining to cooling water use patterns at utility plants are readily available; however, no information has been assembled for cooling water use at electric power generating facilities owned or operated by entities other than utilities (nonutilities). This paper presents data concerning cooling water use from two subsets of the nonutility sector and focuses on plants using once-through cooling systems. The first subset includes 123 nonutility plants that each generate at least 150 MW of power. Collectively, they represent 41,494 MW of generating capacity, or about 56% of the total nonutility generating capacity. Approximately 17% of the installations within that subset utilize once-through cooling water. The second subset includes 58 waste-to-energy facilities, which individually produce less than 80 MW but collectively generate about 2200 MW. Only 11% of this subset of plants uses once-through cooling water. The total 15,372 MW generated by once-through nonutilities is equivalent to only 6% of the 258,906 MW generated by utilities utilizing once-through cooling. From a national perspective this share may appear relatively insignificant. However, in some states, the nonutility once-through total is equivalent to a more significant percentage of the utility once-through total.     

新沂河污水资源化生态工程可行性研究

新沂河污水资源化生态工程是以蔷薇河送清水工程为依托 ,将新沂河北偏泓作为排污专道 ,排污专线可构建成为五级河道稳定塘。其技术路线是控源导流 ,清污分流 ,通过河道稳定塘来自然降解城市污水。本文以科学的预测数据论证了工程的可行性。