湘西金矿岩温变化规律的研究及其应用

阐述了在湖南省湘西金矿对岩体温度所开展的多项试验研究工作和所取得的科研成果,特别对8中段至27中段间的岩体进行了全面的岩温测定工作,经过对测试结果的分析研究,揭示了湘西金矿岩体温度的变化规律及其对环境条件的影响,预测了深部岩体的温度。为确定合理的降温方案提供了可靠的依据,在此项成果的指导下,最终采取了以通风降温为主,再结合低温岩层预冷入风流和采用局部循环的综合降温措施,降低了工程费用,取得了较好的技术经济效果。     

Sensitivity analysis and optimization for gasoline vapor condensation recovery

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are easily evaporated and discharged from everywhere into the atmosphere, especially in various operations of gasoline. The emission of VOCs is always a significant environmental problem, and the control of VOCs pollution has been a hot topic in the field of air purification. In this paper, the condensation separation method for gasoline vapor recovery was investigated and four gasoline vapors of S1–S4 were selected for the sensitivity analysis and optimization of the condensation process, using the Model Analysis Tools from Aspen Plus. Generally, to control VOCs pollution efficiently, both the vapor recovery efficiency and the outlet vapor concentration of the condensation recovery system should be simultaneously considered. Then an optimized three-stage condensation process was proposed, whose condensation temperatures were optimized and designed at 1 °C, −40 °C and −110 °C, respectively. Further, based on the comprehensive consideration of both meeting the more strict VOCs emission standard and ensuring the condensation recovery system work stably and economically, it was recommended that the maximum total vapor recovery efficiencies for S1–S4 should be 99.73%, 99.79%, 99.82% and 99.19%, and the minimum outlet vapor concentrations be 2.87 g/m³, 2.75 g/m³, 3.04 g/m³ and 16.98 g/m³, respectively. Accordingly, the condensation temperature of the copious cooling stage should be set at −130 °C. Moreover, the total cooling duties for the single-stage and three-stage condensation processes were investigated and compared when the condensation temperature of the recovery system ranged from 20 °C to −110 °C. The total cooling duties of the three-stage condensation process for S1–S4 would be saved by 12.23%, 15.68%, 13.96% and 15.65%, respectively. Finally, a three-stage condensation system was developed for the industrial gasoline vapor recovery, which has performed well since its installation.     

一种用于尾矿库干滩长度在线监测的新方法

通过分析当前常用干滩长度在线监测方法所适应的条件及其存在的问题,提出了一种可用于干滩长度在线监测的新方法——渗流反推法,其基本原理是通过在干滩面上依次布置一定数量的渗压计,以获取实时的浸润线,然后通过建立浸润线的库长-坝高坐标系,再结合库水位,通过解算浸润线与库水位方程组,计算出尾矿库的干滩长度。该方法具有适应性强,监测准确,费用低、操作与维护简单、抗雷电能力强等优点,为干滩长度在线监测新方法的探索提供了参考。     

对虾高位池循环水养殖水体悬浮物等环境因子的变化特征

为了弄清对虾高位池循环水养殖过程中水体环境因子的变动规律,有效调控水体环境质量,提高养殖效益和生态效益,以凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannarnei)为试验对象,研究了高位池循环水养殖过程中水体溶解氧(DO)、悬浮物(SS)、pH值和叶绿素a(Chl-a)等环境因子的变化特征。设计了3种不同循环处理量组,即20m3/h组(P1组)、40m3/h组(P2组)和60m3/h组(P3组)。结果表明:不同循环处理量组的循环水养殖系统均能有效提高水体中DO质量浓度,相对空白对照组,P1、P2、P3对DO质量浓度的相对增长率分别为8%、15%、18%;各循环处理量组水体pH值均稳定在7.84～7.96;P1、P2对SS处理效果不明显,P3对SS的相对降低率达到34%;P1组Chl-a质量浓度变化不明显,P2、P3组Chl-a质量浓度分别降低13%和28%。综合比较分析:对虾高位池循环水养殖系统能明显提高水体DO质量浓度,维持水体pH值稳定平衡,降低水体SS和Chl-a质量浓度;60m3/h循环处理量组对水质调控效果最好,40 m3/h组次之,20 m3/h组较差。     

基于尾矿库安全物联网决策支持系统研究

尾矿库安全管理是一项非常复杂的系统工程,针对湖南黄金集团高流坑尾矿库安全管理工作人工依赖性强、智能化程度低,灾情实时判断与预警控制决策效率低等不足特点,提出物联网技术,结合先进的数据感知技术,将数据采集、处理、分析及决策等环节进行一体化综合集成,研究设计尾矿库安全物联网决策支持系统。使尾矿库建设运营参与各方加强认知和揭示尾矿库安全灾变规律,为实现尾矿库安全管理智能预警决策提供有力的辅助支持。     

中国典型滨海湿地转变为养殖塘对土壤细菌多样性及群落结构的影响

以我国黄河口碱蓬湿地、九龙江口桐花树湿地、东寨港木榄湿地为研究样地,借助高通量测序技术探究这3个典型滨海湿地转变为养殖塘前、后土壤细菌多样性及群落结构的变化.结果表明：①天然湿地转变为养殖塘后,土壤细菌群落多样性与丰富度均有所下降;②天然湿地转变为养殖塘未显著改变细菌门水平群落组成,湿地优势细菌门主要为变形菌门（Proteobacteria）、绿弯菌门（Chloroflexi）、拟杆菌门（Bacteroidetes）、酸杆菌门（Acidobacteria）、厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）;③天然湿地转变为养殖塘改变了土壤优势细菌属,九龙江口和东寨港湿地转变后,寡养单胞菌属（Stenotrophomonas）相对丰度均有所升高,东寨港湿地转变后土壤中假单胞菌属（Pseudomonas）相对丰度也有所增加,并新增了气单胞菌属（Aeromonas）;4环境因子对湿地土壤细菌相对丰度有显著影响,寡养单胞菌属（Stenotrophomonas）与含水量呈显著负相关（p<0.05）,与容重和pH呈显著正相关（p<0.01）;Sulfurimonas、Woeseia等细菌属与土壤容重呈显著负相关（p<0.01）.由此可见,湿地围垦养殖对土壤微环境产生了较大影响,养殖户在进行养殖作业时需格外注重生态环境的健康与可持续发展.     

人工湿地+生态塘处理农村生活污水工程实例

"人工湿地+生态塘"系统是一种投资少、建设运营成本低、工艺简单的新生态处理系统。采用人工湿地+生态塘工艺处理农村生活污水,监测数据表明该工艺成熟可靠,去除N、P能力强,出水各污染指标均能达排放要求,证明该工艺是一种适合农村污水处理的新型工艺,适合在农村推广应用。     

Analysis of Socioeconomic and Environmental Impacts of Waste Stabilization Pond and Unrestricted Wastewater Irrigation: Interface with Maintenance

The effluent from the waste stabilization ponds (WSPs) of the University of Nigeria, Nsukka Campus, is used for irrigation by poor rural farmers. There has been fear that the poorly maintained WSPs and the reuse practices are contributing to environmental degradation and health hazards. In this study the environmental and socioeconomic impacts of the WSPs and reuse were evaluated based on data collected from questionnaires and the literature. The engineering and agricultural properties of soil in the irrigated and nonirrigated areas were compared. Comparison of the health status of the farmers and nonfarmers, of consumers of crops irrigated with wastewater and nonconsumers was performed using Student's t test and the z-score test. The occurrences of diarrhea, typhoid fever, and malaria among the various groups were used as indices. Analyses show that the health status of the farmers and consumers is poorer than those of nonfarmers and nonconsumers at the 5% level of significance. Vegetable cultivation using WSP effluent is a means of sustenance to the farmers and provides an affordable means of satisfying their nutritional deficiencies. However, the poorly maintained WSPs create odor and mosquito nuisances, trap and destroy livestock, and flood nearby compounds with waste debris. At both 1% and 5% levels of significance, communities around the ponds (< 300 m) suffer malaria more frequently than those who live far away (> or = 300 m). Cost-benefit analysis argues in favor of improvement of WSP management and irrigation reuse of wastewater. Dredging of the ponds, training workers and farmers, and adopting appropriate maintenance and monitoring strategies will greatly enhance the socioeconomic status of the urban poor farmers.     

菱塘养鱼技术研究

报导了“菱塘养殖”的某些关键技术。它们包括：（１）通过品种结构调整，解决鱼菱相克的矛盾；（２）通过在菱群落“开天窗”，避免鱼窒息致死；（３）实行混合养殖，拓宽生态位；（４）通过鱼种投放量与鱼产量关系的研究，为鱼种合理搭配提供了科学依据。由于上述问题的解决，这种农业模式发挥了明显的经济效益。     

低磷复合水质稳定剂阻垢作用研究

用静态法研究水质稳定剂HEDP、EDTA的阻垢性能。结果表明在常温下单独使用HEDP,阻垢率可达86%,单独使用EDTA阻垢率可达70%,其阻垢率随温度升高皆降低。二者协同作用阻垢率可达98%以上。