H3880-V890B综合环境应力可靠性试验系统介绍

综合环境应力可靠性试验,对于验证产品可靠性平均无故障工作时间（ＭＴＢＦ）和暴露产品设计、元件选用２、生产工艺等方面的缺陷有着十分重要的作用。综合环境应力可靠性试验设备是实施该项试验的重要手段。本文详述Ｈ３８８０－Ｖ８９０Ｂ试验系统的布局、功能、参数及主要技术,旨城向试验同行介绍目前试验设备的最新技术动态。同时希望资源共享,为暂不具备大型综合环境应力设备的单位提供协作,共同为提高我国的装备技术水平作     

缅甸若开邦农村地区饮用水现状及安全保障对策

以东南亚国家缅甸的若开邦农村地区为研究对象,分析该地区饮用水存在的主要问题,并结合当地实际情况提出了可行的安全保障对策。实地考察发现：水塘是缅甸若开邦农村地区主要的饮用水水源;然而,若开邦地处热带,雨季降雨量巨大且集中,旱季持续时间长,水分蒸发量较大,水塘水量时间分布极不均匀,导致该地区水塘旱季时供水严重不足;雨季水塘水浊度、色度偏高,旱季铝、锰、铁等离子有超标现象;水塘普遍缺少生态拦截和防护措施,亦疏于维护,不能有效地阻隔周边的面源污染,导致当地水塘水质存在严重的安全隐患。结合当地社会经济发展水平和村民生活习惯,提出了适于热带地区干湿强烈交替气候特点的“塘-沟-植被缓冲带”生态水塘方案。采用多级屏障手段发挥生态水塘系统对地表和亚表层径流的生态过滤效应,从而增加储水空间,扩大水源涵养容量,强化水体自净功能,再搭配低维护、低能耗的净水工艺,可从水量和水质2个方面保障当地饮用水安全。提出了小而美的生态净化技术,可为其他有类似饮用水问题的国家和地区提供参考。     

基于灰色模糊理论的尾矿库安全评价方法研究

针对专家评分法对较小分数差异对象的评价结果存在较大误差,提出了一种模糊灰色综合评价方法.该方法的实质是通过灰色隶属度算子U的作用,放大系统内各种信息的差异,并使相似信息得到压缩,同时,根据类别之间的隶属度信息确定类别权系数.应用结果表明,模糊灰色综合评价方法和专家评分方法相比更符合实际情况.     

An investigation of double-glass-covered trapezoidal salt-gradient solar pond coupled with reflector

In the present study, a trapezoidal salt-gradient solar pond (TSGSP) has been investigated experimentally. The top surface of solar pond has been covered with double-glass cover in order to reduce the evaporative and convective losses from the top. This results in increase of temperature even in the top zone of the solar pond and leads to more volume utilization for heat storage in the pond. A reflector made of aluminium sheet has been used to enhance the solar intensity on the solar pond during sunny hours. A procedure, to determine optimum tilt angle of reflector in order to utilize maximum amount of solar energy at noon, has been proposed. The use of reflector enhanced the average solar intensity on the top surface of solar pond by 22%. The maximum average temperature of trapezoidal solar pond with glass cover and reflector has been observed to be 70.5°C. The thermal efficiencies of LCZ, NCZ and UCZ for the trapezoidal solar pond with double-glass cover and reflector have been estimated to be 32.73%, 23.22% and 5.30%, respectively. In addition to experimental investigation, the sunny area ratio of TSGSP has been theoretically computed and compared with the cuboid solar pond having same top surface area and depth in order to see the effect of pond shape on sunny area ratio. The average yearly sunny area ratio of trapezoidal solar pond has been determined to be 11% higher than that of cuboid one.     

奎屯市区城市废水排污系统网络化的探讨

根据奎屯市区城市废水的排放量大、排污口多、污染物浓度高以及排污下水管道污水处理设施的建成现状等特点，提出了以污水处理厂为治理中心，市区排污管道网络化的改造设想、存在问题及对策。     

海水养虾池细菌数量动态及细菌生产力的研究

对5个海水养虾池细菌数量动态及细菌生产力的研究结果表明：水层细菌数在不同试验池及同一池塘不同采样时间均呈现较大波动．细菌密度在底水层明显高于表水层，且同一虾池细菌密度在水平分布上极具不均匀性．底泥中细菌数在采样期稳定增加并与底泥中有机物含量呈现显著正相关,随着泥层加厚，细菌密度呈V型分布，最大密度出现在表层1cm之内，2cm以下泥层，细菌密度明显减小原位（in－situ）实验测定所得虾池细菌生产力ρ4（C）·t－1＝86．10～343．25mg·m－2·d－1，是浮游植物初级生产力的10％～19％     

光纤光栅(FBG)传感器在尾矿库在线监测中的应用

光纤光栅(FGB)传感器已经广泛应用于水利工程监测中,在尾矿库在线监测系统中的应用也在逐步增多。为提高某尾矿库在线监测系统的抗干扰和运行稳定性,某尾矿库在线监测系统工程采用以光纤光栅传感器作为主要采集设备。应用结果表明:光纤光栅传感设备的突出优点是运行稳定性好、抗干扰能力强,测量精度满足使用要求;明显不足是安装条件要求高,前期投入较高。     

A conceptual approach to selection of a control measure for residual chlorine discharge in Kuwait bay

It is estimated that some 17 metric tons of residual oxidants (chlorine) are discharged into the enclosed coastal seawater of Kuwait on a daily basis from power-desalination plants alone. Alarmed by the unlimited number of reported cases of damage to marine aquatic systems due to chlorine discharge around the world, several alternatives were proposed to control such a massive discharge of residual oxidant into seawaters. Most of the proposed alternatives lacked the basic criteria necessary for their evaluation, justification, and then selection. The objective of this article is to provide a conceptual approach that can be used to select a control measure for residual oxidant discharge in Kuwait coastal seawaters. This approach is based on state-of-the-art knowledge and the unique operational and environmental factors involved. A matrix system was designed whereby the cost of residual chlorine control alternative, its effectiveness, and environmental and public health impact, performance, and reliability in Kuwait can be compared and evaluated. The selection approach considered currently operating power plants in terms of their engineering design and material (cast iron or steel condensers), current operational conditions, operator's perception, acceptability, and projected problems associated with the environmental management of proposed modifications. The proposed approach revealed that in Kuwait, conventinal chlorination was marginally superseded only by chlorination/dechlorination using SO₂ and operation alteration using process optimization. The overall cost-effective assessment matrix classified other alternatives as worse than chlorination by various degrees. Ozone and UV were found to be the worst and the least desirable alternatives for biofouling control of seawater in Kuwait. In light of the available information on the consequences of the Gulf War on the marine environment, and the potential formation of additional halogenated organic compounds through the reaction of residual chlorine with the released petroleum hydrocarbons, it is essential to control residual chlorine discharged into the nearshore environment of Kuwait.     

Population dynamics of Piscicola geometra (Hirudinea: Rhynchobdellida) on Oreochromis niloticus (Cichlidae) cultured in a rainforest fish pond,south eastern Nigeria

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