Narratives,Rhetorical Genres,and Environmental Conflict: Responses to Schwarze's “Environmental Melodrama”

The appearance of Steven Schwarze's essay, “Environmental Melodrama” (Schwarze, 2006) as the lead article in a recent issue of The Quarterly Journal of Speech marks an important moment of recognition for environmental communication scholarship. Schwarze's essay demonstrates how studies of environmental rhetoric can contribute to rhetorical theory more generally, while addressing practical questions regarding the rhetorical aspects of environmental conflict. The contributors to this forum respond to Schwarze's arguments, drawing in part upon their own case studies of rhetorical action and narrative in environmental conflict.     

螺旋群锚在岩土介质中极限抗拔力的试验分析及工程应用

通过室内模型试验 ,初步探讨了在砂土中当螺旋群锚的间距改变时 ,其受力性能的变化 ;通过试验及分析 ;提出了计算螺旋群锚在不同间距时的极限承载力公式 ;同时对螺旋锚在工程安全中的应用进行了分析     

Comparison of Critical Load Exceedance and Its Uncertainty Based on National and Site-specific Data

Critical loads have been used to develop international agreements on acidifying air pollution abatement, and within the UK and other countries, to develop national policies for pollution abatement. The Environment Agency (England and Wales) has regulatory obligations to protect sites of high conservation value from the threat of acidification, and hence requires a practical methodology for acidification assessments at the site-specific scale. The Environment Agency has therefore posed the question: Are the national critical load exceedance models sufficiently robust to form the basis for methods to assess harm to individual sites or are they only useful for national policy development? In order to provide one measure of the appropriateness of applying the models at the site-specific scale we incorporated estimates of uncertainty in both national and site-specific data into the calculation of critical load exceedance for individual sites. The exceedance calculations use data from a wide range of sources and the accuracy of the exceedance will be influenced by the accuracy of the input data sets. Using Monte Carlo methods to incorporate the uncertainty in the input data sets into the calculation a distribution of critical load exceedance values is generated rather than a single point estimate. This paper compares uncertainty analyses for coniferous forested sites in England and Wales using both national scale and site-specific data sets and uncertainty ranges.     

Minimum propagation diameter and thickness of high explosives

The critical diameter and critical thickness of two heterogeneous explosives were measured experimentally. By comparing these experimentally determined values of critical diameter and critical thickness, the role of front curvature in the failure of the detonation can be investigated. Current theories of detonation based on front curvature would predict the critical diameter should be twice the critical thickness. Experimentally, the expected two-to-one ratio was only validated for the case of a heterogeneous explosive with very fine scale heterogeneities. The ratios of critical diameter to critical thickness (for the two selected explosives) are also compared to previously measured values for homogeneous (liquid) explosives in order to contrast the dominant failure mechanism in these different explosives.     

凝聚炸药的冲击起爆

分析了飞片在炸药内产生高压区的行为，导出高压区中热点发生热爆炸的临界条件；讨论了高压区中侧向能量分配对热点传播的影响，得到了适应性更加广泛的凝聚炸药冲击起爆判据；利用这一判据，对实验结果给予了理论解释。     

非均质炸药冲击起爆临界判据中起爆参数的研究

以引信传爆序列中传爆管——主装药界面间的爆轰传递为例,研究了非均值炸药的冲击起爆理论,推导了飞片起爆和透射冲击起爆过程中爆轰界面的关键参数ｐ 和τ的计算关系式,对临界起爆能量的计算以及传爆序列的安全设计具有一定的指导意义。     

不确定性校正对地震危险性分析结果的影响

对现行地震危险性分析模型中的不确定性校正方法所涉及到的一些问题进行了讨论．以地震烈度的危险性分析为例,说明危险性曲线的衰减系数及不确定性大小是影响校正结果的主要因素．总的趋势是：对低烈度,校正后危险性有所降低,降低幅度达50％以上;对高烈度,校正后危险性有所提高,提高幅度可达数倍以上。     

轴压外翻管通用模

此文介绍了通用翻管模的结构和翻管变形方法,这是一种最基本的翻管模,利用锥头将管坯变形翻卷。通过实验研究,提出了翻管模锥角α这一重要模具参数及其确定方法,论述了影响翻管系数K的主要因素;提出了进行顺利翻管的主要工艺参数,最后介绍了翻管制件和翻管工艺的主要用途。     

The potential for spatial planning at the landscape level to mitigate the effects of atmospheric ammonia deposition

Ammonia (NH₃) is emitted mainly from agricultural practices, with NH₃ concentrations decreasing rapidly away from sources. As a consequence there is a high spatial variability in nitrogen deposition and its consequent ecological effects in agricultural landscapes that is in addition to differences in sensitivity between habitat types. This variability points to the potential to include spatial planning measures as part of strategies to protect sensitive vegetation from ammonia deposition.National abatement policies typically include uniform recommendations for technical abatement measures, such as ploughing in manures after land spreading. In this study, the complementary potential of spatial planning to reduce effects on target locations is analysed through model scenarios for an example landscape in central England. Scenarios included defining buffer zones of low-emission agriculture and establishing tree belts surrounding either emission sources or priority areas for the protection of semi-natural habitats.The analysis showed that tree belts can reduce deposition to sensitive areas, with trees surrounding the sensitive habitats being more effective than trees around the sources. Low emission buffer zones around sink areas also result in useful reductions in N deposition. Smaller nature reserve sites benefit to a greater degree from such spatial planning measures, as large reserves can provide their own buffer zone to some degree. Similarly, relocating point sources or using planning policies to ensure the location of large NH₃ point sources are at least 2–3 km from the sensitive habitats results in substantial reductions in N deposition.     

Microbe-mediated sustainable bio-recovery of gold from low-grade precious solid waste: A microbiological overview

In an era of electronics, recovering the precious metal such as gold from ever increasing piles of electronic-wastes and metal-ion infested soil has become one of the prime concerns for researchers worldwide. Biological mining is an attractive, economical and non-hazardous to recover gold from the low-grade auriferous ore containing waste or soil. This review represents the recent major biological gold retrieval methods used to bio-mine gold. The biomining methods discussed in this review include, bioleaching, bio-oxidation, bio-precipitation, bio-flotation, bio-flocculation, bio-sorption, bio-reduction, bio-electrometallurgical technologies and bioaccumulation. The mechanism of gold biorecovery by microbes is explained in detail to explore its intracellular mechanistic, which help it withstand high concentrations of gold without causing any fatal consequences. Major challenges and future opportunities associated with each method and how they will dictate the fate of gold bio-metallurgy from metal wastes or metal infested soil bioremediation in the coming future are also discussed. With the help of concurrent advancements in high-throughput technologies, the gold bio-exploratory methods will speed up our ways to ensure maximum gold retrieval out of such low-grade ores containing sources, while keeping the gold mining clean and more sustainable.