环境与文化

本文从文化的角度对城市环境的有关空间要素进行了中西比较和分析,从而得知 我国现代城市环境并不是简单的规划与设计,而是一种社会环境的全面再创造。     

枯草芽孢杆菌产γ-聚谷氨酸絮凝剂条件及含铬废水处理研究

利用均匀设计安排试验,用曲线回归分析创建数学模型的方法研究了枯草芽孢杆菌产γ-聚谷氨酸絮凝剂培养条件,结果表明:其最佳培养条件是蔗糖添加量2.2%、酵母膏添加量0.6%、谷氨酸钠4.5%、pH7、温度33℃、摇床转速215r/min。同时利用γ-聚谷氨酸絮凝剂对含铬(Ⅵ)废水进行铬(Ⅵ)去除处理,结果显示:pH值为4、30mL、30mg/L废水中γ-聚谷氨酸的添加量为1.5mL和1%CaCl2用量为2.4mL时,铬(Ⅵ)去除效果最佳,并建立了相应的数学模型,在最佳工艺条件下的铬(Ⅵ)去除率可达55%。     

弘扬安全文化、强化安全管理的成功举措——有毒有害化学品信息卡推广和应用

有毒有害化学品信息卡的推广和应用,正在全国范围内从点到面,逐步深入开展。各级工会精心组织、发动群众,党、政、工、团齐抓共管,同时采用多种宣传教育、培训形式,充分发挥了群众的积极性和创造力,在统筹规划、认真落实的推广和应用活动中,使全员上下的安全意识显著增强,安全素质普遍提高,安全措施合理到位,安全形势有所好转。实践证明,这是一项弘扬和普及企业安全文化、强化企业安全管理的成功举措,提高了安全管理水平,保护了职工的安全与健康。     

The natural selection of organizational and safety culture within a small to medium sized enterprise (SME)

INTRODUCTION: Small to Medium Sized Enterprises (SMEs) form the majority of Australian businesses. METHOD: This study uses ethnographic research methods to describe the organizational culture of a small furniture-manufacturing business in southern Australia. RESULTS: Results show a range of cultural assumptions variously 'embedded' within the enterprise. In line with memetics - Richard Dawkin's cultural application of Charles Darwin's theory of Evolution by Natural Selection, the author suggests that these assumptions compete to be replicated and retained within the organization. The author suggests that dominant assumptions are naturally selected, and that the selection can be better understood by considering the cultural assumptions in reference to Darwin's original principles and Frederik Barth's anthropological framework of knowledge. The results are discussed with reference to safety systems, negative cultural elements called Cultural Safety Viruses, and how our understanding of this particular organizational culture might be used to build resistance to these viruses.     

美丽微孢藻种植水对水华鱼腥藻的化感抑制作用研究

为探讨美丽微孢藻对水华藻类的化感作用,研究了美丽微孢藻种植水对水华鱼腥藻的光密度、叶绿素a和细胞活性的影响。结果表明:浓度为25%的美丽微孢藻种植水在0~2 d时可显著抑制水华鱼腥藻生长,但在2d后无法对其产生显著抑制;浓度为50%的美丽微孢藻种植水在整个实验周期内均可显著抑制水华鱼腥藻生长;浓度为25%的美丽微孢藻种植水在短期内会使大部分藻细胞处于死亡或低活性状态,但在7 d时有31.40%的藻细胞恢复了高活性状态,其化感控藻作用有限;浓度为50%的美丽微孢藻种植水在整个实验周期内均使大部分藻细胞均处于死亡或低活性状态,具有较强的化感抑制作用。     

The Challenges of Incorporating Cultural Ecosystem Services into Environmental Assessment

The ecosystem services concept is used to make explicit the diverse benefits ecosystems provide to people, with the goal of improving assessment and, ultimately, decision-making. Alongside material benefits such as natural resources (e.g., clean water, timber), this concept includes—through the ‘cultural’ category of ecosystem services—diverse non-material benefits that people obtain through interactions with ecosystems (e.g., spiritual inspiration, cultural identity, recreation). Despite the longstanding focus of ecosystem services research on measurement, most cultural ecosystem services have defined measurement and inclusion alongside other more ‘material’ services. This gap in measurement of cultural ecosystem services is a product of several perceived problems, some of which are not real problems and some of which can be mitigated or even solved without undue difficulty. Because of the fractured nature of the literature, these problems continue to plague the discussion of cultural services. In this paper we discuss several such problems, which although they have been addressed singly, have not been brought together in a single discussion. There is a need for a single, accessible treatment of the importance and feasibility of integrating cultural ecosystem services alongside others.     

节俭还是低碳——我国语境下居民低碳行为探讨

为了解低碳在我国居民中的推广程度,通过问卷法对南京市某社区居民进行实地调查。结果发现:大部分居民由于受节俭文化的影响往往将低碳当作节俭进行理解,表现在行为上就是节俭行为与低碳行为混杂。但从社会文化角度分析,节俭与低碳并不等同,两者既有区别又有联系。因此,在我国语境下推行低碳既要注意到节俭与低碳的区别,又要充分挖掘节俭文化中蕴含的低碳内容,促进低碳社会的构建。     

生态文明视阈下公民环境教育的文化价值思考

生态文明建设要有坚实的公民环境教育作支撑。公民环境教育的文化价值是环境教育价值的内在表现形式之一。作为生态文明建设的重要组成部分,环境教育与生态文明建设有着不可断裂的天然的关系。生态文明建设需要环境教育的文化价值体现。环境教育的文化价值能够促进生态文化的生成与人文资源的开发,能够发挥环境教育的文化选择与批判功能,促进价值观念转型,能够发挥环境教育的文化传播功能,促进人文理性精神的活化。     

Differentiation in human chorionic villus cultures: hCG and hla expression

The present report describes methods to separate, culture, and study syncytio-cytotrophoblast and mesenchymal core of the first-trimester human chorionic villus. The cultured outer layer cells (syncytio-cytotrophoblast) are multinucleated, pleomorphic, and active in the formation of human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG). The mesenchymal core cells are more fibroblast-like in appearance, do not show multinucleation, and have less hCG in their culture media. Both cultured cell types express HLA (ABC) Class I histocompatibility antigens but not HLA (DR) Class II antigens. These and previous studies from this laboratory postulate different embryonic origins: (1) Syncytio-cytotrophoblast cultures of chorionic villus derive from differentiated trophoblast and preserve multinucleation as well as hCG hormone function. (2) Cells cultured from the chorionic villus core originate from extraembryonic mesenchyme. (3) Amniocytes (AF cells) cultured from amniotic fluid resemble the multipotential and early-stage trophoblast, retaining pleomorphism, multinucleation, and lacunae formation as well as production of hCG, progesterone, oestrogen, basement membrane glycoprotein, and Type IV collagen. These cell types cultured from the chorionic villus and amniotic fluid provide a means for in vitro study of specific embryonic cell lineages.     

微域培养试验中影响石油降解的几个因素

试验研究微域培养中土壤深度，油水添加次序以及搅拌等因素对石油降解速率的影响，结果表明：微域中随着土壤深度由４ｍｍ增加到３２ｍｍ，ＣＯ２累积释放量下降１６．７Ｔ％，石油碳氢化合物降解量减少１８．２％；先加水后加油可增加ＣＯ２累积释放量达３６．５％，ＴＰＨ降解量提高２１．５％；搅拌可以增加ＣＯ２释放与ＴＰＨ的降解。