微生物絮凝剂产生菌的筛选及相关废水絮凝效果试验

用常规的细菌分高纯化方法从废水、土壤、活性污泥中分离出42株细菌，将单株菌培养于特殊的产絮凝剂液体培养基中，培养物离心后上液对高岭土县液絮凝效果作为指标衡量其絮凝活性及产絮凝剂能力，由此初步获得6株微生物絮凝剂产生菌：Ⅰ－23，Ⅰ－24，Ⅱ－4，Ⅲ－2，Ⅲ－8，Ⅲ-12．其发酵离心上液对造纸黑液、皮革废水、偶氮染料废水、硫化染料废水、电镀废水、彩印制板废水、石油化工废水、造币废水及蓝墨水、碳素墨水等进行的絮凝试验表明，废水固液分离效果良好，CODCr去除率55％～98％，悬浮物、色度、浊度去除率90％以上．     

Linking empirical estimates of body burden of environmental chemicals and wellness using NHANES data

Biomonitoring of industrial chemicals in human tissues and fluids has shown that all people carry a “body burden” of synthetic chemicals. Although measurement of an environmental chemical in a person's tissues/fluids is an indication of exposure, it does not necessarily mean the exposure concentration is sufficient to cause an adverse effect. Since humans are exposed to multiple chemicals, there may be a combination effect (e.g., additive, synergistic) associated with low-level exposures to multiple classes of contaminants, which may impact a variety of organ systems. The objective of this research is to link measures of body burden of environmental chemicals and a “holistic” measure of wellness. The approach is demonstrated using biomonitoring data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES). Forty-two chemicals were selected for analysis based on their detection levels. Six biological pathway-specific indices were evaluated using groups of chemicals associated with each pathway. Five of the six pathways were negatively associated with wellness. Three non-zero interaction terms were detected which may provide empirical evidence of crosstalk across pathways. The approach identified five of the 42 chemicals from a variety of classes (metals, pesticides, furans, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) as accounting for 71% of the weight linking body burden to wellness. Significant interactions were detected indicating the effect of smoking is exacerbated by body burden of environmental chemicals. Use of a holistic index on both sides of the exposure-health equation is a novel and promising empirical “systems biology” approach to risk evaluation of complex environmental exposures.     

SMT-PGA封装焊点热疲劳寿命预计模型研究

目的研究SMT-PGA封装焊点热疲劳寿命预计模型。方法运用Engelmaier模型预测SMT-PGA封装焊点的热疲劳寿命,并将Engelmaier模型计算结果与美国马里兰大学CALCE PWA寿命评估软件仿真结果作对比。结果模型计算结果与马里兰大学寿命评估软件仿真结果存在较大差异。结论表明Engelmaier模型中的工程因子F并不是一个固定常数,而是受封装最低稳态温度的影响。     

城市合流污水A2/O处理系统中TTC-ETS活性监测研究

研究了温度和F/M的变化对A2/O系统TTC-ETS活性的影响,分析了TTC-ETS活性与COD降解的相关关系;通过低C/N冲击下TTC-ETS活性和理化指标的比较,讨论了以TTC-ETS活性表征系统运行状况的优劣.结果表明,一定范围内,温度与F/M均与TTC-ETS活性成正相关,TTC-ETS活性(TF/TSS.t)变化范围约13.2~48.3 mg/(g.h),最大值约为60 mg/(g.h);TTC-ETS活性与COD去除率相关性显著,并且TTC-ETS活性可预警系统的异常状态,当TTC-ETS活性为41.0 mg/(g.h)时,COD去除效率最高.     

Verification results of jet resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization as a real-time PCDD/F emission monitor

A jet resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) monitor was tested on a hazardous-waste-fired boiler for its ability to determine concentrations of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDDs/Fs). Jet REMPI is a real-time instrument capable of highly selective and sensitive (from parts per billion to parts per trillion) detection of a broad range of aromatic compounds, including a number of air toxic compounds. The PCDD/F toxic equivalency (TEQ) value was derived from a predetermined correlation (R ² = 0.74) with monochlorobenzene (MClBz). This relationship was applied to nine subsequent jet REMPI on-line measurements of MClBz and parallel, standard extractive sampling for PCDD/F TEQ. For high waste-firing rates, with a range of PCDD/F TEQ values between 3.9 and 6.0 ng TEQ/m³, the TEQ values predicted by jet REMPI had a relative difference of 26% with the standard EPA Method 23 results. At low waste-firing rates (0.9–1.6 ng TEQ/m³), the relative difference increased to 219%. This limited testing shows that jet REMPI has promise as an on-line diagnostic monitor, providing feedback on the effects on PCDD/F emissions of operating parameter changes such as fuel feed interruptions or air pollution control failures.     

火灾爆炸指数法用于加氢厂房的安全评价

采用美国道化学公司火灾爆炸指数评价法,对科研单位的加氢厂房进行了评价,评价结果与危险度评价方法得出的结论基本相同,较为符合实际安全状况。     

Antifungal activities against toxigenic Fusarium specie and deoxynivalenol adsorption capacity of ion-exchanged zeolites

Zeolites are often used as adsorbents materials and their loaded cations can be exchanged with metal ions in order to add antimicrobial properties. The aim of this study was to use the 4A zeolite and its derived ion-exchanged forms with Zn²⁺, Li⁺, Cu²⁺ and Co²⁺ in order to evaluate their antifungal properties against Fusarium graminearum, including their capacity in terms of metal ions release, conidia germination and the deoxynivalenol (DON) adsorption. The zeolites ion-exchanged with Li⁺, Cu²⁺, and Co²⁺ showed an excellent antifungal activity against F. graminearum, using an agar diffusion method, with a zone of inhibition observed around the samples of 45.3 ± 0.6 mm, 25.7 ± 1.5 mm, and 24.7 ± 0.6 mm, respectively. Similar results using agar dilution method were found showing significant growth inhibition of F. graminearum for ion-exchanged zeolites with Zn²⁺, Li⁺, Cu²⁺, and Co²⁺. The fungi growth inhibition decreased as zeolite-Cu²⁺>zeolite-Li⁺>zeolite-Co²⁺>zeolite-Zn²⁺. In addition, the conidia germination was strongly affected by ion-exchanged zeolites. With regard to adsorption capacity, results indicate that only zeolite-Li⁺ were capable of DON adsorption significantly (P < 0.001) with 37% at 2 mg mL^?1 concentration. The antifungal effects of the ion-exchanged zeolites can be ascribed to the interactions of the metal ions released from the zeolite structure, especially for zeolite-Li⁺, which showed to be a promising agent against F. graminearum and its toxin.     

部分PCDDF水溶解度的定量结构-性质关系

以量子化学PM3算法计算得到的12个量子化学参数作为分子结构描述符，运用偏最小二乘分析，首次建立23种PCDD/F水溶解度（logSw)的定量结构-性质关系模型。PCDD/F的Sw随着其分子量的增大而减少；随着其分子最低未占据轨道能（Eluno)的增大而增大，推测PCDD/F分子与水分子之间存在着电荷转移相互作用。     

锰过氧化物酶的固态发酵及其对染料的脱色作用

采用稻壳作为基质,利用裂褶菌F17固态发酵产锰过氧化物酶(MnP),通过正交实验对发酵条件进行优化,并对5种不同结构类型的染料进行脱色.结果显示,含水率、温度、Mn2 、Cu2 对裂褶菌F17产MnP有显著影响;MnP发酵的最优化条件为稻壳27g、黄豆粉3g、MnSO40.4mg·g-1、含水率150%、接种量50%、培养温度22℃,pH不调节,优化后酶活达到16.39 U·g-1,比优化前的酶活9.20 U·g-1提高了78.2%.优化后的发酵体系对染料刚果红、茜素红、Poly R-478、中性红和结晶紫的24h脱色率分别达到92.6%、90.3%、93.1%、87.3%和95.6%.