太阳跟踪反射聚能户外加速曝晒方法的对比研究

目的 找出太阳跟踪反射聚能户外加速曝晒方法的特点和价值。方法 基于几种典型的透明高分子材料试样,分别在佛罗里达典型亚热带潮湿环境自然曝晒、汽车外饰实验室氙灯加速耐候试验及亚利桑那太阳跟踪反射聚能户外加速曝晒黄变结果相关性、加速性和区分度的对比分析,来比较这几种试验方法的特点。结果 户外加速曝晒和自然曝晒的相关性高于氙灯加速试验和自然曝晒的相关性。与自然曝晒相比,户外加速曝晒的平均加速倍率及不同试样的加速倍率的相对差异明显小于氙灯加速试验。自然曝晒和户外加速曝晒的区分度也明显大于实验室氙灯加速试验。结论 户外加速曝晒方法较好地均衡了相关性、加速性、加速一致性及区分度,适合高分子材料的验证性试验。     

Operationalizing ecosystem service bundles for strategic sustainability planning: A participatory approach

The ecosystem service concept is recognized as a useful tool to support sustainability in decision-making. In this study, we collaborated with actors in the Helge å catchment, southern Sweden, in an iterative participatory ecosystem service assessment. Through workshops and interviews, we jointly decided which ecosystem services to assess and indicators to use in order to achieve a sense of ownership and a higher legitimacy of the assessment. Subsequently, we explored the landscape-level interactions between the 15 assessed services, and found that the area can be described using three distinct ecosystem service bundles. The iterative, participatory process strengthened our analysis and created a shared understanding and overview of the multifunctional landscape around Helge å among participants. Importantly, this allowed for the generated knowledge to impact local strategic sustainability planning. With this study, we illustrate how similar processes can support local decision-making for a more sustainable future.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1007/s13280-020-01378-w) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

高盐废水处理研究新发展

高盐废水处理比较困难.传统的物化、生化法处理高盐废水可以达到一定的效果,但都存在着不可避免的弊端。因此,笔者在过去几年国内外高盐废水处理研究的基础上,介绍近阶段高盐废水处理的新方法,总结经验。     

水体重金属污染的处理方法简述

重金属对水体的污染已经成为危害最大的污染之一。综述了水体重金属污染的处理方法,主要有化学法、物理化学法和生物法,并对水体重金属污染处理技术的发展方向进行了展望。     

中国废旧家电处理技术的现状与对策研究

家用电器的更新换代使得废旧家电的资源化利用问题日益突出,不合理处置和回收会给环境造成极大污染。因此,广泛开展废旧电器回收利用方面的研究,使这些宝贵的二次资源得到科学合理的资源化和无害化处置,对保证人类所需生产和生活资源的永续利用,促进人类的可持续发展具有十分重要的意义。介绍了中国废旧家电年废弃量及回收利用价值,总结了处理废旧家电的基本技术特点及中国处置技术方面存在的问题。在此基础上,对中国废旧家电回收处理工艺提出建议和对策。     

水体除氟方法的最新研究进展

氟是人体必需的微量元素之一,中国是典型的大面积高氟地区,因此对水体中氟离子的去除研究十分必要.目前,水体除氟方法主要有离子交换法、吸附法、化学沉淀法等,其中吸附法是应用最广的除氟方法.本文主要综述了当前水体中常用的除氟方法及水体除氟方法最新的研究进展,重点分析各种方法所存在的各种优势和缺陷,并探究在实际除氟应用中的可行性,指出了今后水体除氟的主要研究方向.     

改性生物炭修复砷镉复合污染土壤研究进展

砷镉复合污染(As/Cd污染)已成为我国主要的土壤环境问题,改性生物炭作为一种吸附固定剂在修复土壤As/Cd污染中正发挥日益重要的作用.在明确原始生物炭作为钝化剂修复As/Cd污染土壤局限性的基础上,综述了针对As/Cd污染土壤修复的生物炭改性方法研究进展,分析了相关作用机制,并对未来利用改性生物炭修复As/Cd污染土壤的前景和存在问题进行展望.结果表明,金属改性生物炭具有较好的协同修复As/Cd污染土壤的效应,从而具有良好的应用前景.通过不同改性方法制备的生物炭材料修复As/Cd污染的固定机制各异,其中,金属改性和无机非金属改性生物炭对As/Cd的固定作用主要涉及官能团配位、共沉淀和As氧化还原;微生物改性生物炭涉及沉淀作用和As氧化还原;物理和酸改性方法则局限于物理吸附和弱静电引力.针对当前研究现状,建议未来应加强生物质原料类型、热解温度、制备工艺、经济成本和土壤老化等因素对改性生物炭修复As/Cd污染土壤的影响研究,实施不同因素影响下材料对重金属固定的稳定性和长效性评估,揭示材料修复As/Cd污染土壤的关键作用机制.     

The Cytotoxicity of Some Organic Solvents on Isolated Hepatocytes in Monolayer Culture

The cytotoxic effects of volatile and water-insoluble organic solvents (ethylbenzene, tetrachloroethylene, n-hexane) were tested on isolated hepatocytes in monolayer culture by using the 3-(4,5 dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction assay. All of the tested compounds inhibited metabolic activity of hepatocytes and this effect depended on the concentration of solvents in the incubatory medium. The presence of fetal calf serum in the medium did not change the cytotoxicity of xenobiotics. IC₅₀ values calculated on the basis of the MTT assay indicated that ethylbenzene was more cytotoxic than tetrachloroethylene and n-hexane. Using hepatocyte monolayer culture and the MTT assay to assess cytotoxicity of organic solvents causes many technical problems. It seems that it cannot be used as a rapid, cheap, and credible method.     

Test Method for Retractable Type Fall Arresters Designed for Horizontal Use

Retractable type fall arresters are designed to protect against falls from a height of people who need freedom of vertical movement. The practice of fall protection shows that the devices are also used to protect people who work on flat roofs. This application creates quite different operating conditions for the devices. In some situations those conditions can be dangerous for users. The article presents a theoretical analysis of phenomena occurring during a fall arrest with retractable type fall arresters arranged horizontally. The analysis was verified with laboratory tests. The article presents a proposal for the construction of a test stand and a test method for estimating retractable type fall arresters intended for horizontal use.     

环境试验后常见塑料冲击试验方法的比较

本文主要描述不同标准对塑料冲击试验方法的要求以及他们之间的异同点。