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61.
本文在剖析绿色技术的概念内涵与特征的基础上,构建了由清洁生产技术、资源化技术、末端治理技术、生态农业技术、绿色食品技术、清洁消费技术与生态恢复技术等为主要内容的我国绿色技术体系,并从行政、经济、法律、教育及科研等五个方面阐述了促进我国可持续发展的绿色技术实施策略。 相似文献
62.
Forest Protection and Reforestation in Costa Rica: Evaluation of a Clean Development Mechanism Prototype 总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8
Subak S 《Environmental management》2000,26(3):283-297
/ Costa Rica has recently established a program that provides funds for reforestation and forest protection on private lands, partly through the sale of carbon certificates to industrialized countries. Countries purchasing these carbon offsets hope one day to receive credit against their own commitments to limit emissions of greenhouse gases. Costa Rica has used the proceeds of the sale of carbon offsets to Norway to help finance this forest incentive program, called the Private Forestry Project, which pays thousands of participants to reforest or protect forest on their lands. The Private Forestry Project is accompanied by a monitoring program conducted by Costa Rican forest engineers that seeks to determine net carbon storage accomplished on these lands each year. The Private Forestry Project, which is officially registered as an Activity Implemented Jointly, is a possible model for bundled projects funded by the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) established by the 1997 Kyoto Protocol to the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change. It also serves as an interesting example for the CDM because it was designed by a developing country host-not by an industrialized country investor. Accordingly, it reflects the particular "sustainable development" objectives of the host country or at least the host planners. Early experience in implementing the Private Forestry Project is evaluated in light of the main objectives of the CDM and its precursor-Activities Implemented Jointly. It is concluded that the project appears to meet the criteria of global cost-effectiveness and financing from non-ODA sources. The sustainable development implications of the project are specific to the region and would not necessarily match the ideals of all investing and developing countries. The project may be seen to achieve additional greenhouse gas abatement when compared against some (although not all) baselines. 相似文献
63.
Specific Conductance and pH as Indicators of Watershed Disturbance in Streams of the New Jersey Pinelands, USA 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
/ We used linear regression to independently and jointly relate specific conductance and pH measured at New Jersey Pinelands stream sites to the percentage of altered land in a watershed. Percentage altered land included developed and agricultural land uses and represented watershed disturbance for a given site. Median values calculated for a 2-year period (September 1992 through August 1994) characterized pH and specific conductance at the study sites. We found the relationships between the median values for both water-quality measures and percentage altered land for a site to be consistent across subregion and dominant altered-land use. Our results also demonstrated that the water-quality/altered-land relationships developed using median values were similar to relationships developed using data from any single-sample period within the entire study period. Individually, pH and specific conductance explained 48% and 56%, respectively, of the variability in watershed disturbance among study sites. The joint use of pH and specific conductance explained 79% of the watershed disturbance variability among sites. The joint use of these easily obtained water-quality measures can provide a quick assessment of instream water-quality impacts from upstream watershed disturbance at any Pinelands stream site. Additionally, a range in pH and specific conductance, and hence a range in ambient water quality, can be predicted for a given altered-land percentage or a change in existing altered-land conditions. 相似文献
64.
扩大企业对CDM的参与是提高清洁发展机制减排效果的关键因素,但是随着参与的不断扩大,可能产生价格因素、小项目开发障碍、“普遍性”等阻碍因素,将影响企业对CDM参与性的继续扩大,对减排效果的提高造成负面影响。在对企业参与和CDM环境效力相互关系探讨的基础上,本文对如何继续扩大参与、加大减排提出了发展建议。 相似文献
65.
Carlos Navarro Florentino de Lope Anders Pape Møller 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2007,61(8):1161-1168
Homeobox genes regulate development of digits, and it has been suggested that the ratio of length of second to length of fourth
digit reflects such genetic effects in a sex-specific manner. We show that digit ratios in the sexually dichromatic house
sparrow Passer domesticus differ between sexes, with males having higher ratios than females, and that individuals produce consistent ratios on the
two feet. If Homeobox or other genes had pleiotropic effects on development of digits, behavior, and physiology of males and
females, we would expect secondary sexual characters and immunity to be related to digit ratio in a sex-specific manner. The
size of the visible part of the black badge in February (a secondary sexual character), but not total badge size, was positively
correlated with digit ratios, suggesting that males with more male-like digit ratios had larger visible badges. Because of
sex-specific effects of development on secondary sexual characters and immunity, we predicted sex-specific differences in
immune response to be related to digit ratio. House sparrows with large digit ratios had weaker T cell-mediated immune response
than individuals with small digit ratios, particularly in females, implying that females with more male-like digit ratios
had weak immune responses. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that early development, as reflected by digit
ratios, and genetics affect the expression of adult characters that are supposedly strongly contributing to fitness. 相似文献
66.
67.
This paper is concerned with the sustainable development of a self-drive tourist destination in the remote region in Northern
Australia. It first compares officially used data on visitor profiles to the information collected in the survey. Differences
between data collected and available secondary data imply that tourism planning should include collection of region-specific
tourism information to guide and mitigate potential environmental changes. Natural landscape features are the key attraction
for visitors to the region. Visitor satisfaction levels with the current state of the destination are high. However, local
residents reported perceived negative impacts of tourism, in particular on amenities and the ecology of the landscape. Visitors
also reported behavior that might contribute to environmental impacts. Implications of the findings, in the context of future
destination planning, are discussed. 相似文献
68.
Raphael Abiodun Olawepo 《The Environmentalist》2008,28(2):108-122
Fish production and marketing are as old as the rural communities involved in the lucrative occupation in Badagry area of
Lagos State, Nigeria. A random sampling of 200 fishermen using Participatory Rural Appraisal techniques (PRA) in five Badagry
villages was used to explore coastal fishing and socio-economic development in the study area with a view to enhancing local
productivity and sustainability. The findings show that an average fisherman in Badagry is aware of the resources available
in his environment, and can affect productivity levels positively if given adequate incentives. There are two lessons from
this study; one has to do with what PRA tells us about the fishing community, the other is the importance of facilitators
that have, amongst other things, good listening skills. The experience also revealed that field workers’ ability to listen
and learn from local fishermen was a critical factor in collecting in-depth information that could be used for rural community
planning. 相似文献
69.
The concept of carrying capacity is derived from ecology, with widespread contentions of its theoretical connotations and applications in the international academic community, especially the impact of human activities on the environment. Disputes on carrying capacity have been occurring not only among biologists and ecologists, but also among mainstream economists. Based on their efforts, the author makes an attempt to describe its origin, connotations, problems, measurement, and at the same time note the latest international progress in this field. 相似文献
70.
基础设施与区域经济发展环境 总被引:23,自引:0,他引:23
金凤君 《中国人口.资源与环境》2004,14(4):70-74
基础设施及其所形成的环境是人类自己营造的基础物质环境之一。是区域经济发展环境的主要组成部分。本文从四方面系统阐述了基础设施与区域经济发展之间的关系。提出了基础设施的引导与从属功能、带状经济的激发器和助推嚣等观点。分析了基础设施在改瞢生产环境与效率、空间经济集聚与扩散中的作用。以及基础设施短缺对区域经济发展的影响等。同时时归纳总结了我国土范国内已经形成的基础设施走廊的基本概况。 相似文献