Multivariate curve resolution of multidimensional excitation-emission quenching matrices of a Laurentian soil fulvic acid

Fluorescence excitation–emission matrices (EEM) of aqueous solutions of Laurentian soil fulvic acid (LFA) at three concentrations (50, 75 and 100 mg/l) were obtained at two pH values (pH = 4.0 and 6.0) and as function of the Cu(II) ion concentration. The presence of Cu(II) ion provokes quenching of the intrinsic LFA fluorescence due to complex formation. Multivariate curve resolution (MCR-ALS) was used to successfully decompose single EEM into excitation and emission spectra for the detected components. Moreover, multidimensional (up to six dimensions) data matrices were generated by adding EEM collected as function of the LFA and Cu(II) concentrations and pH. MCR-ALS was able to resolve the excitation and emission spectra from these multidimensional data matrices given further information about the spectral variation profiles induced by the experimental factors. Conditional stability constants (log K_LFACu) were calculated from the quenching profiles observed as function of the Cu(II) concentration, as well as, their trends as function of pH and LFA concentration were obtained – average (and standard deviation) of log K_LFACu = 4.6 ± 0.2. This EEM/MCR-ALS methodology constitutes a new tool for the study of natural organic matter under varying experimental conditions that characterize natural environmental systems.     

Comparative effects of different maize straw returning modes on soil humus composition and humic acid structural characteristics in Northeast China

In order to evaluate the effects of different maize straw returning modes on humus composition and humic acid (HA) structural, a field experiment was designed to have five treatments, i.e. Treatment CK (no straw returned), Treatment EIS (straw incorporated evenly into the soil using the crashing-ridging technique), Treatment SP (straw plowed into the soil), Treatment SM (straw returned as mulch) and Treatment SG (straw returned as pellets). Our results showed that Treatment EIS significantly increased the content of soil organic carbon (SOC), soil humus substances (HEC), soil humic acid carbon (HAC) and fulvic acid carbon (FAC) by 27.8%, 47.6%, 63.3% and 33.8%, respectively, as compared with CK. Among all the straw returning treatments, Treatment EIS was the most significant in effect of increasing the content of HEC, HAC and FAC. Moreover, Treatment EIS altered the composition of humus more significantly than all the other treatments, by increasing the proportion of alkyl C and the ratio of aliphatic C/aromatic C. These results suggest that straw returning accelerated the accumulation of soil organic C and various components of humus, significantly improved the structure of soil HA, with the practice of EIS in particular.     

复合式膜生物反应器中胞外聚合物提取方法综合评价

采用高速离心法、超声法、阳离子交换树脂法(CER)、加热法4种方法提取复合式膜生物反应器(HMBR)中污泥胞外聚合物(EPS),利用化学分析方法结合三维荧光光谱法(EEM)和凝胶渗透色谱法(GPC)对4种方法进行评价.结果表明,采用60℃,30 min加热提取效果最好,而且对细胞破坏小.通过三维荧光光谱图表明4种方法对于类富里酸均有较好的提取效果;对于类腐植酸和类蛋白质,热提取法优于其他3种方法.凝胶渗透色谱法分析表明4种方法提取的EPS分子量(MW)分布变化差别不大,分子量分布范围为100～1 000 000,主要集中在100 ～ 10 000之间.