Policy Integration as a Success Factor for Emissions Trading

Emissions trading will not be able to become the single instrument of a national climate policy because of costs for monitoring of greenhouse gases and transfers of allowances. Thus, it is important to assess optimal ways of integrating emissions trading into national climate policy mixes, thus leading to a more efficient policy, especially by allowing the use of transboundary transactions. The implemented trading systems of the UK and Denmark, the agreed EU one, and the planned ones of Norway are used as case studies. In the UK, the introduction of an energy tax on industry was the catalyst that led to the development of emissions trading, voluntary agreements, and two subsidy programs. However, in Denmark trading was limited in scope and not integrated with the successful emission tax. The EU and Norwegian trading schemes both have a large scope and integrate international transfers; the former is integrated with other instruments to avoid free riding. Policy integration will thus enhance the efficiency improvements that emissions trading can introduce.     

Use of constructed wetland for the removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewater

This study was conducted to investigate the effectiveness of a continuous free surface flow wetland for removal of heavy metals from industrial wastewater, in Gadoon Amazai Industrial Estate (GAIE), Swabi, Pakistan. Industrial wastewater samples were collected from the in-let, out-let and all cells of the constructed wetland (CW) and analyzed for heavy metals such as lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), iron (Fe), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr) and copper (Cu) using standard methods. Similarly, samples of aquatic macrophytes and sediments were also analyzed for selected heavy metals. Results indicate that the removal efficiencies of the CW for Pb, Cd, Fe, Ni, Cr, and Cu were 50%, 91.9%, 74.1%, 40.9%, 89%, and 48.3%, respectively. Furthermore, the performance of the CW was efficient enough to remove the heavy metals, particularly Cd, Fe, and Cu, from the industrial wastewater fed to it. However, it is suggested that the metal removal efficiency of the CW can be further enhanced by using proper management of vegetation and area expansion of the present CW.     

基于标杆管理的中国城市水效评估研究

基于标杆管理的思想,在城市分类的基础上,根据统计分布规律引入"上临界"和"下临界"概念,建立城市水效标杆。应用水效标杆对城市水效评估的结果表明,2007~2013年间,万元GDP水耗、人均综合水耗、万元工业总产值水耗和人均生活水耗4项城市水效指标的标杆上临界值、下临界值均呈下降趋势,其中万元GDP水耗上临界值、下临界值年均下降率分别为11.65%和13.08%,万元工业总产值水耗的上临界值、下临界值年均下降率分别为17.61%和18.53%,年均下降率都超过10%,表明我国城市水效总体不断提升。建议进一步完善城市水资源管理信息公开,建立基于标杆管理的城市水效评估机制。     

“水污染防治行动计划”实施背景下我国水环境管理优化对策研究

针对我国日益凸显的水资源过度开发、水环境污染、水资源短缺、用水效率与效益低下等水危机,对我国近年来出台最严格水资源管理制度、"水污染防治行动计划"(称"水十条")等水资源管理、水环境保护相关政策与研究进展及国外在水环境管理方面经验进行了探讨。分析了"水十条"实施后在水资源管理、水生态安全、法律法规与执法监管、资金投入与激励机制、技术推进与公众参与等需解决的关键问题与推进重点工作,提出具体措施包括以协作机制优化区域流域水环境管理,完善水权交易并规范绿色投融资体系,创新水文化建设与公众参与模式,优化分区、分级、共治的水环境管理法规与执法支撑体系,强化信息化、集成化的水环境管理与应用等。     

区域能源效率测算及影响分析——基于三阶段DEA方法

文章运用三阶段DEA方法,测算了2010～2017年间全国30个省、市能源效率,并将剔除环境要素和随机扰动影响的效率值与传统DEA分析结果进行比较.结果显示,剔除环境要素和随机扰动之前,我国绝大多数省规模效率高于纯技术效率,导致规模效率被高估,存在投入不足的情况;通过三阶段DEA结果,中国地区间规模报酬都处于递增趋势,...     

聚合物燃烧放热的通风

本文在小尺寸试件燃烧实验的基础上,着重研究了几种典型聚合物燃烧时放热参数的变化规律及其通风影响,通过实验数据的拟合和分析,揭示了燃烧放热、通风条件和燃料种类之间复杂的关系,给出了由放热参数决定的可燃性区域,得到了一些新的结论,有助于材料放热特性认识和室内火分析的进一步深入。     

电除尘结构形式对电除尘器运行状况的影响

电除尘振打结构形式对除尘器除尘效率有较大的影响 ,通过对机械旋围挠臂振打和电磁振打的运行分析 ,认为顶部电磁锤振打有较好的清灰效果和合理的结构及布置     

First-trimester genetic diagnosis in multiple pregnancy: Principles and potential pitfalls

Both the principles of first-trimester genetic diagnosis in multiple pregnancy and the special considerations required to avoid potential diagnostic pitfalls are presented. The experience consisted of 65 cases of twins and one case of quadruplets. Dichorionic twins were recognized by sonography in 54 cases. Transabdominal aspiration was generally preferred to trans-cervical for obtaining chorionic tissue, although in two cases both approaches were used. Diagnostic error following erroneous sampling was reported in 3 out of 54 sets of dichorionic twins (5.5 per cent). When like-sex dichorionic twins cannot be differentiated by cytogenetic or DNA polymorphism studies, amniocentesis should be recommended to confirm the reliability of the result on chorionic tissue.     

正确的清洁能源利用模式是解决大气污染的有效途径

以常熟清洁能源替代模式的选择为例 ,着重强调正确的清洁能源利用模式是解决大气污染的有效途径。通过对常熟大气污染和能源结构的分析确定了能源结构上的主要问题 ,针对性的提出了燃气热电联供的解决方案 ,并从政策、技术、趋势、经济成本、环境效益等方面进行了论证。本文强调合适的利用方式对于推行清洁能源的利用来解决大气污染是非常关键的 ,各城市应该选择符合自己特点的具有针对性的利用方式。     

硅藻土复合材料净化室内空气的实验研究

利用硅藻土复合材料对室内空气中三种主要污染物甲醛、氨和苯进行了净化研究,比较了普通硅藻土和硅藻土复合材料对三种污染物的去除效果。测试了硅藻土复合材料的平衡吸附量,及其在空气流速、净化时间和吸附剂量条件下对污染物去除率的影响。结果表明:硅藻土复合材料的净化性能优于普通硅藻土,对甲醛、氨和苯的平衡吸附量分别为132μg/g、95μg/g和87μg/g,最佳去除率分别为67%、91%和53%,吸附剂量在一定范围内改变对硅藻土复合材料的净化效率影响不大,而空气流速和净化时间存在最佳值。