用因子分析法解析抚顺市大气颗粒物来源

用因子分析法对2002年7月在抚顺市望花、新华、东洲、站前、水库五个监测点采集的TSP颗粒物样品进行了污染源定性识别和定量分析。计算结果表明，对于颗粒物样品，主要污染物来源是土壤尘，燃煤飞灰，建筑水泥，对颗粒物的贡献达71.2％。其次是燃煤，燃油的贡献占20.0％，汽车尾气占6.0％。     

曝气生物活性炭滤池深度处理垃圾渗滤液的效能研究

为了考察曝气生物活性炭滤池(BACF)深度处理垃圾渗滤液的效能,研究了填料填充度、曝气位置、气水比、水力停留时间和p H等影响因素对滤池去除有机物、氨氮和总氮的影响。结果表明,最佳的工艺运行条件为:填料填充度为80%,底部曝气,气水比为3:1,水力停留时间为8 h,p H为7~8。在最佳工艺条件下运行反应器,COD、氨氮和TN平均去除率分别达到85%、90%和57%,出水可达到实验设定水质要求。BACF具有较强的抗有机负荷能力,进水COD浓度在323至3 000 mg/L之间时,COD去除率稳定在80%。反应器受氨氮冲击负荷影响较大,氨氮进水浓度低于90mg/L时,出水可达到要求。     

沙尘暴对大连市空气质量影响的判别研究

利用二次因子分析法对大连市区5个大气自动监测点住所测的四种污染因子(CO、SO2、NOx、PM10)和风速(1997～2004年)资料数据进行分析,分析了当地污染排放累积和外来输送两种主要原因,对大连市空气质量的影响.通过进一步对CO、NOx、PM10因子得分之差(FS2-FS1)的分析,找出了适合确定沙尘暴对大连市空气质量影响的判据,即(FS2-FS1)>0     

因子分析法在金泉工业园区地下水水质评价中的应用

根据金泉工业园水源地8个不同监测断面的地下水水质监测数据,采用R型因子分析法对园区水源地地下水水质进行综合评价,在研究地下水中13种化学成分间相关关系的基础上,提取4个主因子进行分析计算。结果表明,Cl-、SO24-、总硬度和可溶性固体对第一主因子贡献明显;第二主因子代表指标是Zn;第三主因子代表指标是As;NO3-、氨氮、NO2-对第四主因子贡献显著。对水质进行综合评价后发现,人民渠、海流图河和乌拉壕监测断面处水质类别为V类,其他断面均为IV类。因子分析法从整体上评价了园区水源地地下水的水质现状,分析结果清晰明确,为日后地下水资源的管理与保护提供科学依据。     

Spatial distribution and source identification of wet deposition at remote EANET sites in Japan

Wet deposition of major ions was discussed from the viewpoint of its potential sources for six remote EANET sites in Japan (Rishiri, Happo, Oki, Ogasawara, Yusuhara, and Hedo) having sufficiently high data completeness during 2000–2004. The annual deposition for each site ranged from 12.1 to 46.6 meq m⁻² yr⁻¹ for nss-SO₄²⁻, from 5.0 to 21.9 meq m⁻² yr⁻¹ for NO₃⁻. The ranges of annual deposition of the two ions for the sites were lower than those for urban and rural sites in Japanese Acid Deposition Survey by Ministry of the Environment, Japan, and higher than those for global remote marine sites. Factor analysis was performed on log-transformed daily wet deposition of major ions for each site. The obtained two factors were interpreted as (1) acid and soil source (or acid source for some sites), and (2) sea-salt source for all the sites. This indicates that wet deposition of ions over the remote areas in Japan has a similar structure in terms of types of sources. Factor scores of acid and soil source were relatively high during Kosa (Asian dust) events in spring in western Japan. Back-trajectories for high-deposition episodes of acid and soil source (or acid source) for the remote sites showed that episodic air masses frequently came from the northeastern area of Asian Continent in spring and winter, and from central China in summer and autumn. This indicates a large contribution of continental emissions to wet deposition of ions over the remote areas in Japan.     

化工污泥中放射性核素226Ra，232Th 的辐射环境行为

目的以化工生产下游企业排放含重金属污泥中放射性核素的分布与含量为研究对象,考察工业生产末端随物料流下行的重金属及其中携带的放射性核素对环境的影响。方法在重金属排放较为显著的电池、电镀化工企业采集含重金属污泥进行分析研究。利用高纯锗(HPGe)γ能谱仪系统分析不同类别污泥中放射性核素~(228)Ac,~(~(212))Pb,~(~(212))Bi,~(208)Tl,~(214)Pb,~(214)Bi和40K的活度和含量,选用蒙特卡罗模型(Monte Carlo N Particle Transport Code)剂量转化因子计算化工企业污泥的年有效剂量率,通过计算富集因子得到放射性核素~(232)Th,~(~(226))Ra在化工污泥中的富集水平,通过皮尔森系数将测量得到污泥中Pb,Cr等重金属含量以及相应的~(232)Th含量或镭当量活度Ra_(eq)相互关联,分析其中的数学相关性。结果来自电池、电镀化工企业的污泥中放射性有效剂量率为44.8μSv·a~(-1)。放射性核素~(232)Th,~(~(226))Ra的富集因子(EF-Th和EF-Ra)数值范围分别为0.478~2.217和2.509~4.115,表明放射性核素~(232)Th在含铬污泥中存在富集,而~(~(226))Ra在污泥中均存在明显富集。皮尔森系数的分析显示,重金属元素Pb和Cr与Ra_(eq)的相关性可达到0.8以上,在监测工作中可利用污泥中Pb,Cr含量推算含重金属污泥的放射性水平。结论该研究工作对辐射环境的快捷监测和TENORM的评价均有实际应用价值。     

A comparison study of aerosol emissions sources in two receptor sites in Salvador (Brazil) city

Total suspended particles (TSP) and metal concentrations were determined in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil at two sites: a residential area and a residential‐commercial‐industrial neighborhood. The determined metals associated with atmospheric aerosols include Al, Ca, Cr, Cd, Fe, Mg, Mn, V, Zn and Na. Factor analysis was employed to identify the major atmospheric deposition sources. At one site the data were best represented by two sources: resuspended soil + marine aerosol and vehicular emissions, which represents 93% of the total system variance. In the second one the data were best represented by three sources: resuspended soil, metallurgy and building construction, which represents 79% of the total system variance.     

Source resolution and risk apportionment to augment the Bubble Policy: Application to a steel plant “bubble”

Source resolution and risk apportionment of emission source categories for risk reduction purposes can be used to enhance the Bubble Policy of the Clean Air Act. This is performed by incorporating receptor modeling techniques of factor analysis and chemical mass balances to assess noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic inhalation risks to a target population for certain pollutants coming from major emission source categories in a steel plant air shed. Source resolution, using factor analysis, statistically interprets a “source” from ambient data. By subsequently quantifying risks from identified metal emission sources using chemical mass balances and risk apportionment, a total additive risk from main source contributors in the steel plant is estimated. From this methodology, the Bubble Policy can be enhanced by targeting only main risk sources or by “risk-trading” with minor impact sources to reduce the total risk (if deemed significant) without arbitrarily reducing risk for all sources in an industrial source complex’s “bubble.”     

污水处理中17β-雌二醇的去除机理研究

介绍了污水处理中17β-雌二醇（E2）的去除机理及其去除效果的影响因素。研究表明,E2是生活污水中普遍存在,最具潜在影响、作用最强的一种类固醇雌激素;污水处理过程中,活性污泥吸附作用可使E2浓度迅速降低,而生物降解是去除E2的主要方式且去除过程遵循一级反应,E1是E2生物降解过程中的中间产物。在好氧条件下,提高温度、延长水力停留时间和泥龄、强化硝化等均可一定程度上提高E2的去除效率。