Trace elements and rare earth elements in wet deposition of Lijiang, Mt. Yulong region, southeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau

In order to investigate the compositions and wet deposition fluxes of trace elements and rare earth elements (REEs) in the precipitation of the southeastern edge of the Tibetan Plateau, 38 precipitation samples were collected from March to August in 2012 in an urban site of Lijiang city in the Mt. Yulong region. The concentrations of most trace elements and REEs were higher during the non-monsoon season than during the monsoon season, indicating that the lower concentrations of trace elements and REEs observed during monsoon had been influenced by the dilution effect of increased precipitation. The concentrations of trace elements in the precipitation of Lijiang city were slightly higher than those observed in remote sites of the Tibetan Plateau but much lower than those observed in the metropolises of China, indicating that the atmospheric environment of Lijiang city was less influenced by anthropogenic emissions, and, as a consequence, the air quality was still relatively good. However, the results of enrichment factor and principal component analysis revealed that some anthropogenic activities (e.g., the increasing traffic emissions from the rapid development of tourism) were most likely important contributors to trace elements, while the regional/local crustal sources rather than anthropogenic activities were the predominant contributors to the REEs in the wet deposition of Lijiang city. Our study was relevant not only for assessing the current status of the atmospheric environment in the Mt. Yulong region, but also for specific management actions to be implemented for the control of atmospheric inputs and the health of the environment for the future.     

用生态文明的观点浅析盘锦市的发展

盘锦市的发展应以生态发展为基点,正确对待已存在的环境问题,明确发展方向,加强对国家级保护区和天然湿地的保护,要以环境优化经济增长。     

建国以来南京城市扩展研究

论文以南京市为研究区,以1949、1976年航空影像,1988-2003年陆地卫星(MSS、TM、ETM+等传感器)遥感影像为数据源,利用遥感信息提取技术,获取南京市城市扩展信息。结合南京市经济社会数据,从扩展强度、人口-城市扩展指数、分形维数、扩展方向等方面分析了南京市城市扩展的时空变化特征,并从自然、经济、社会等方面探讨南京城市扩展的驱动力。研究结果表明:①1949-2003年南京城市规模扩展了10.15倍,城市扩展表现为3个阶段:1949-1976年为第一阶段,城市扩展表现为低强度的准圈层式外延;1976-1988年为第二阶段,城市扩展强度有所提高,圈层外延与跳跃式发展并存;第3阶段为1988-2003年,扩展强度达到18.79%,跳跃式发展和连接式发展表现突出;②城市扩展呈现沿轴线扩展的特征,扩展轴沿长江向东北-西南方向延伸,城市重心向北部振荡后向东南方向转移;③南京城市扩展在城区和郊区分别表现为紧密扩展和稀疏扩展,1949年以来,南京城市空间形态日趋复杂,但自进入21世纪后,城市空间形态趋于稳定,表明南京城市扩展存在由无序向有序发展的趋势;④城市扩展是多种因素综合作用的结果,在不同的扩展阶段,不同的因素组合占主导。总体上看,经济发展是城市规模扩展的主导因素,城市空间格局、空间形态的变化更多地受政策因素的影响。交通等基础设施的建设拉大了城市框架,行政区划调整为城市扩展提供了空间,城市总体规划为城市扩展提供了空间导向。     

城市废弃工矿区土地再利用研究

加快城市废弃工矿区土地再利用,已成为发展矿区循环经济、提高城市土地利用效率有效途径之一。在对城市废弃工矿区土地再利用的相关概念界定的基础上．对城市废弃工矿区土地再利用理论和技术进行了综述,并提出存在的问题及建议。     

水源水及底泥中细菌总数及其优势种群初探

经测定广州市西村水厂水源水及底泥中的细菌总数分别为2.3×10~3个/mL和2.7×10~6个/g。底泥中的NH_4-N降解菌总数为1.31×10~6个/g,占底泥中细菌总数的48.5％。从水中分离出优势菌41株,经鉴定分别为芽胞杆菌属(Bacillus)、假单胞杆菌属(Pseudomonas)、气单胞杆菌属(Aeromonas)、亚硝化杆菌属(Nitrosococcus)、硝化杆菌属(Nitrobacter)、黄单胞杆菌属(Xanthomonas)、棒状杆菌属(Corynebactertium)、产碱菌属(Alcaligener)等8个属。用亚硝化培养基从底泥中分离了NH_4-N降解优势菌20株,经鉴定,分别为Bacillus、节杆菌属(Arthrobacter)、Pseudomonas、Xanthomonas、Nitrosococcus和Nitrobacter等6个属。     

河北省邯郸市地表水体景观规划浅析

现阶段城市水体的研究主要是河流的治理,而没有考虑城市水体整体的生态规划及水体生态的整体 性,根据景观规划的原则及邯郸市的现实情况,对邯郸市内的地表水体进行连接,统一管理规划,达到生态和美学统一的作用.     

1986～2003年呼和浩特市河流水质演化分析

以1986～2003年呼和浩特市河流水质监测资料为基础,选取高锰酸盐指数(CODMn)、五日生化需氧量(BOD5)、氨氮等指标,运用水质综合指数法,探究呼和浩特市地表水环境水污染的特点和变化趋势.结果表明,呼和浩特市地表水环境水质状况整体虽然有所改善,但污染依然严重;生活污染源、环保治理等已成为影响呼和浩特市地表水环境演化的新因素.     

大连市园林绿地土壤化学元素分异特征研究

以大连市单位附属绿地、公共绿地、住宅区绿地、道路绿地4种典型城市绿地类型8个取样点的表层土壤为研究对象,采用野外土样采集和室内分析相结合的研究方法,就大连市城区不同绿地类型表层土壤大量元素、微量元素及重金属元素的分异特征进行系统研究.结果表明:大连市园林绿地土壤在养分特征上具有明显的空间变异性,但土壤化学元素多呈无规律分布.     

杭州市大气气溶胶光学特性研究

利用太阳分光光度计（CE-318）对杭州市地面的气溶胶光学特性进行观测,并对卫星反演的中分辨率成像光谱仪（Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer,MODIS）气溶胶产品进行验证.结果表明,MODIS气溶胶产品在杭州地区的精度较高,3个站点全部数据回归曲线的斜率和截距分...     

Distribution of Cu and Pb in particle size fractions of urban soils from different city zones of Nanjing, China

Soil samples from 4 defined city zones of Nanjing were randomly collected at 0-5 cm and 5-20 cm intervals and size fractions of soil particles were separated from undisturbed bulk soils by low energy dispersion procedure. The total contents of Cu and Pb in the different particle size fractions of the urban soils were analyzed by HNO3-HF-HClO4 digestion and flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer determination. The total content of Cu and Pb in soil particle size fractions varied with their size and with city zones as well. Both the content and variation with the size fractions of Pb was bigger than of Cu supporting our previous finding that there was Pb pollution to different degrees in the urban soils although the two elements were generally enriched in clay-sized fraction. Contaminated Pb tended to be preferentially enriched in the size fraction of 2000-250 μm and clay-sized fraction. While the size fractions of the soils from newly developed and preserved area contained smaller amount of Cu and Pb, the partitioning of them in coarse and fine particle size fractions were insignificant compared to that from inner residence and commercial area. The very high Pb level over 150 mg/kg of the fine particle fractions from the soils of the inner city could be a cause of high blood Pb level reported of children from the city as acute exposure to Pb of fine particles of the urban soil might occur by soil ingestion and inhalation by young children. Thus, much attention should be paid to the partitioning of toxic metals in fine soil particles of the urban soils and countermeasures against high health risk of Pb exposure by soil ingestion and dust inhalation should be practiced against the health problem of blood Pb for young children from the cities.