利用IVE模型进行公交车尾气排放分析

介绍了IVE尾气排放模型并与MOBILE模型进行了比较分析。使用GPS对上海市公交车多条运行线路进行了实时运行速度测量,得到上海公交车运行模式的BIN分布,对上海市CNG公交车和柴油公交车的尾气排放进行了模拟计算。结果表明使用CNG公交车代替柴油公交车后,NOX和PM的排放均有显著的降低,但采用不同技术的CNG公交车尾气排放仍有很大的差异,无催化转化和尾气再循环的CNG公交车的CO排放量远高于同类型柴油公交车的排放量。认为IVE模型的模拟结果具有较好的可靠性,其计算模式适用于我国机动车尾气排放清单分析的研究。     

油田车队综合信息管理系统研制及应用

油田车队综合信息管理系统采用了RFID射频识别、GPS全球卫星定位和GIS地理信息技术,阐述了管理系统的系统硬件与系统软件.应用实践证明,使用该系统实现了车辆的场内和外部信息管理的统一,达到了车辆运行全天候、全方位监控管理的目的.     

大辽河流域环境变化卫星遥感监测研究

将中巴地球资源一号卫星（CBERS—1）采集到的数据与地面监测站、数据传输与处理系统、地理信息系（GIS）相结合，可以实现对区域环境准确、客观、动态、简捷、快速的监测。在全球定位系统（GPS）支持下，对大辽河流域精选地面解译标志，开展野外实地调查及CBERS-1卫星数据遥感分析，在系统设计与开发中坚持规范化、完备性、可操作性、先进性原则的基础上，建立了可运行的环境动态监测调控信息系统。     

Young drivers' responses to anti-speeding advertisements: Comparison of self-report and objective measures of persuasive processing and outcomes

Objective: Self-report measures are typically used to assess the effectiveness of road safety advertisements. However, psychophysiological measures of persuasive processing (i.e., skin conductance response [SCR]) and objective driving measures of persuasive outcomes (i.e., in-vehicle Global Positioning System [GPS] devices) may provide further insights into the effectiveness of these advertisements. This study aimed to explore the persuasive processing and outcomes of 2 anti-speeding advertisements by incorporating both self-report and objective measures of speeding behavior. In addition, this study aimed to compare the findings derived from these different measurement approaches.

Methods: Young drivers (N = 20, M age = 21.01 years) viewed either a positive or negative emotion–based anti-speeding television advertisement. While viewing the advertisement, SCR activity was measured to assess ad-evoked arousal responses. The RoadScout GPS device was then installed in participants' vehicles for 1 week to measure on-road speed-related driving behavior. Self-report measures assessed persuasive processing (emotional and arousal responses) and actual driving behavior.

Results: There was general correspondence between the self-report measures of arousal and the SCR and between the self-report measure of actual driving behavior and the objective driving data (as assessed via the GPS devices).

Conclusions: This study provides insights into how psychophysiological and GPS devices could be used as objective measures in conjunction with self-report measures to further understand the persuasive processes and outcomes of emotion-based anti-speeding advertisements.     

Arsenic, Cadmium, Lead, and Mercury in surface soils, Pueblo, Colorado: implications for population health risk

Decades of intensive industrial and agricultural practices as well as rapid urbanization have left communities like Pueblo, Colorado facing potential health threats from pollution of its soils, air, water and food supply. To address such concerns about environmental contamination, we conducted an urban geochemical study of the city of Pueblo to offer insights into the potential chemical hazards in soil and inform priorities for future health studies and population interventions aimed at reducing exposures to inorganic substances. The current study characterizes the environmental landscape of Pueblo in terms of heavy metals, and relates this to population distributions. Soil was sampled within the city along transects and analyzed for arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), mercury (Hg) and lead (Pb). We also profiled Pueblo’s communities in terms of their socioeconomic status and demographics. ArcGIS 9.0 was used to perform exploratory spatial data analysis and generate community profiles and prediction maps. The topsoil in Pueblo contains more As, Cd, Hg and Pb than national soil averages, although average Hg content in Pueblo was within reported baseline ranges. The highest levels of As concentrations ranged between 56.6 and 66.5 ppm. Lead concentrations exceeded 300 ppm in several of Pueblo’s residential communities. Elevated levels of lead are concentrated in low-income Hispanic and African-American communities. Areas of excessively high Cd concentration exist around Pueblo, including low income and minority communities, raising additional health and environmental justice concerns. Although the distribution patterns vary by element and may reflect both industrial and non-industrial sources, the study confirms that there is environmental contamination around Pueblo and underscores the need for a comprehensive public health approach to address environmental threats in urban communities.     

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and communication technologies for solid waste bin and truck monitoring system

This paper deals with a system of integration of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and communication technologies for solid waste bin and truck monitoring system. RFID, GPS, GPRS and GIS along with camera technologies have been integrated and developed the bin and truck intelligent monitoring system. A new kind of integrated theoretical framework, hardware architecture and interface algorithm has been introduced between the technologies for the successful implementation of the proposed system. In this system, bin and truck database have been developed such a way that the information of bin and truck ID, date and time of waste collection, bin status, amount of waste and bin and truck GPS coordinates etc. are complied and stored for monitoring and management activities. The results showed that the real-time image processing, histogram analysis, waste estimation and other bin information have been displayed in the GUI of the monitoring system. The real-time test and experimental results showed that the performance of the developed system was stable and satisfied the monitoring system with high practicability and validity.     

飞艇地面定向天线自动跟踪系统设计

本文针对解决动力飞艇监视系统中,地面定向天线自动跟踪问题,利用电子罗盘和GPS(global positioning system)接收机技术,设计飞艇地面定向天线自动跟踪系统。该系统以单片机为核心,完成车载移动式地面站和动力飞艇的经纬度、高度数据,和天线方位角、俯仰角的采集,运用提出的天线定向算法对数据进行处理,计算出天线方位角和俯仰角,驱动步进电机的运转,使定向天线指向飞艇,实现对目标的精确跟踪。     

Sensitivity of species-distribution models to error,bias, and model design: An application to resource selection functions for woodland caribou

Models that predict distribution are now widely used to understand the patterns and processes of plant and animal occurrence as well as to guide conservation and management of rare or threatened species. Application of these methods has led to corresponding studies evaluating the sensitivity of model performance to requisite data and other factors that may lead to imprecise or false inferences. We expand upon these works by providing a relative measure of the sensitivity of model parameters and prediction to common sources of error, bias, and variability. We used a one-at-a-time sample design and GPS location data for woodland caribou (Rangifer tarandus caribou) to assess one common species-distribution model: a resource selection function. Our measures of sensitivity included change in coefficient values, prediction success, and the area of mapped habitats following the systematic introduction of geographic error and bias in occurrence data, thematic misclassification of resource maps, and variation in model design. Results suggested that error, bias and model variation have a large impact on the direct interpretation of coefficients. Prediction success and definition of important habitats were less responsive to the perturbations we introduced to the baseline model. Model coefficients, prediction success, and area of ranked habitats were most sensitive to positional error in species locations followed by sampling bias, misclassification of resources, and variation in model design. We recommend that researchers report, and practitioners consider, levels of error and bias introduced to predictive species-distribution models. Formal sensitivity and uncertainty analyses are the most effective means for evaluating and focusing improvements on input data and considering the range of values possible from imperfect models.     

城市级危险废物转移安全监管系统设计研究

通过对我国危险废物运输安全现状的分析,以及危险废物转移运输管理中存在的问题,借鉴国内外先进经验,提出构建低成本城市级危险废物转移监控系统的设想,为城市危险废物管理提供辅助工具。以广州市为例,将自建监控中心与基于商业平台监管危险废物转移的设计方案作对比,发现两者构建技术大致相同,但基于商业平台的监管方案节省系统的建设和运行费用50%以上,其不仅可实现政府部门通过内网进行正常业务管理,还可实现政府和危险废物运输企业通过外网对危险废物运输车辆进行实时安全监控,能有效地提高政企对危险废物运输的两级安全监管效能,为突发污染事件提供查询和应急辅助决策,同时为我国各城市危险废物运输的安全监管提供借鉴意义。     

基于GIS的森林火灾现场模拟及其应用

分析了基于GIS进行森林火灾现场模拟的可行性,对在ESRI Arc View9x平台上进行森林火场环境模拟、林火蔓延预测和火灾扑救态势标绘与推演的方法进行了研究,并结合开发实例对其实现机制进行了详细的阐述。