基于活性污泥模型的污水COD组分划分方案研究

活性污泥数学模型(ASM)在污水处理厂的成功应用与进水组分的正确划分密切相关.从标准化和定量化的角度利用3个批式试验开发了COD组分划分方案及Matlab计算程序.该方案在上海2个污水处理厂的测定结果表明,曲阳污水厂进水COD中含有8.1%±1.6%的易生物降解组分SS、6.3%±2.2%的溶解性惰性组分SI、45.5%±3.5%的慢速生物降解组分XS、31.1%±2.1%的颗粒性惰性组分XI和9.0%±1.1%的异养菌组分XH.而白龙港污水厂进水COD中含有11.1%±2.2%的SS、9.9%±2.0%的SI、38.9%±10.7%的XS、23.3%±9.8%的XI和16.9%±1.8%的XH.与曲阳污水厂相比,白龙港污水厂进水COD中XS和XI含量偏低,而XH/COD值则明显偏高,表明长距离管道输送会显著影响COD组分浓度.     

Transport and fate of mercury under different hydrologic regimes in polluted stream in mining area

Seepage from Hg mine wastes and calcines contains high concentrations of mercury (Hg). Hg pollution is a major environmental problem in areas with abandoned mercury mines and retorting units. This study evaluates factors, especially the hydrological and sedimentary variables, governing temporal and spatial variation in levels and state of mercury in streams impacted by Hg contaminated runo . Samples were taken during di erent flow regimes in theWanshan Hg mining area in Guizhou Province, China. In its headwaters the sampled streams/rivers pass by several mine wastes and calcines with high concentration of Hg. Seepage causes serious Hg contamination to the downstream area. Concentrations of Hg in water samples showed significant seasonal variations. Periods of higher flow showed high concentrations of total Hg (THg) in water due to more particles being re-suspended and transported. The concentrations of major anions (e.g., Cl??, F??, NO3?? and SO4 2??) were lower during higher flow due to dilution. Due to both sedimentation of particles and dilution from tributaries the concentration of THg decreased from 2100 ng/L to background levels (< 50 ng/L) within 10 km distance downstream. Sedimentation is the main reason for the fast decrease of the concentration, it accounts for 69% and 60% for higher flow and lower flow regimes respectively in the upper part of the stream. Speciation calculation of the dissolved Hg fraction (DHg) (using Visual MINTEQ) showed that Hg(OH)2 associated with dissolved organic matter is the main form of Hg in dissolved phase in surface waters in Wanshan (over 95%).     

大气痕量挥发性有机物碳同位素分析研究进展

对于大气痕量挥发性有机物的研究,浓度测量方法在满足科学研究的要求方面尚有欠缺,相比之下,同位素测量方法具有测量精度高、对源解析准确和测量误差小的特点且发展迅速,该方法在大气痕量挥发性有机物的研究中所起到的作用日益显著;但由于同位素测量技术对大气样品质量的要求很高,故目前该方法在大气环境科学的研究领域中还不能普及,今后随...     

Amygdalin in bitter and sweet seeds of apricots

Hydrogen cyanide (HCN) poisoning due to amygdalin (AMY) in apricot seeds is one of the public health issues in Turkey. The aim of this study was to investigate the AMY content of 13 different apricot seeds including bitter and sweet ones, and which are either sulfurized or roasted. The AMY content was determined by a high-performance liquid chromatography. Release of HCN was predicted and total amount of seeds which can cause poisoning was calculated. The mean AMY content of bitter seeds was 26 ± 14 mg g^?1 and that of sweet seeds was 0.16 ± 0.09 mg g^?1. The consumption of small amounts of bitter seeds may cause cyanide poisoning.     

河豚毒素检测技术研究进展

对检测河豚毒素的主要方法包括生物检测方法、理化检测方法、免疫学方法、传感器方法进行了介绍,并对目前检测方法的优缺点进行比较分析。小鼠测定法是河豚毒素检测的标准方法;理化检测法方法准确,但是对设备要求高,前处理严格;免疫学方法费用较高;传感器方法是新方法,还有待进一步规范。各种检测方法都有其优缺点,河豚毒素检测时应根据要求选择方法。     

Variability in the content and composition of alkaloid found in Canadian ergot. iii. triticale and barley∗

Abstract

The total alkaloid content and individual alkaloid composition were determined by colorimetry and high performance liquid chromatography, respectively, for Canadian triticale and barley ergot (Claviceps purpurea). The total alkaloid content was highly variable between individual sclerotia from the same or different sources and ranged from 0.042 to 0.752% for triticale and from 0.082 to 1.04% for barley; average values were 0.239% for Ottawa triticale, 0.289% for Prairie triticale, and 0.264% for barley. Ergocristine and its isomer ergocristinine were the major constituents in both grains. On average, Canadian ergot pooled from rye, wheat, triticale, and barley consists of ergocristine (31%), ergocristinine (13%), ergocristinine (13%), ergotamine (17%), ergotaminine (8%), ergocryptine (5%), ergocryptinine (3%), ergo‐metrine (5%), ergometrinine (2%), ergosine (4%), ergosinine (2%), ergocornine (4%), ergocorninine (2%), and unidentified alkaloids (3%) and an average total alkaloid content of 0.236%. With the exception of rye and barley ergot from the maritime regions, Canadian rye, wheat, triticale, and barley ergot is fairly uniform in individual alkaloid composition.     

水溶性有机物在土壤剖面中的分馏及对Cu迁移的作用

通过室内土柱试验研究了DOM在土壤剖面中的“分馏”作用,DOM在纵向运移过程中的穿透行为及对污染的红壤和潮土中重金属Cu溶出效果的影响.结果表明,绿肥和猪粪DOM经过土柱后极性都有所降低,在潮土上的降低幅度较大,分别为11.4%和10.72%;DOM能够明显地增加污染土壤中Cu的溶出,且这种作用效果与DOM及土壤的性质有关,绿肥DOM的作用效果比猪粪DOM的强,整个淋洗过程中潮土上Cu的平均溶出量是红壤上的4.37倍(绿肥DOM)和3.03倍(猪粪DOM);由于微生物对DOM的分解作用,降低了DOM对土壤中Cu的溶出效果.     

马氏甲烷八叠球菌S－6的一个染色体区段的表达、序列分析和结构分析

用一组多克隆抗体对马氏甲烷八叠球菌（Ｍｅｔｈａｎｏｓａｒｃｉｎａｍａｚｅｉ）Ｓ－６菌株的基因组ＤＮＡ文库进行了筛选．仅选出ｐ６０Ａ克隆能对马氏甲烷八叠球菌中可发生细胞形态学变化菌株的抗血清发生阳性反应．对ｐ６０Ａ克隆的双链ＤＮＡ进行了序列分析．识别出一开式阅读框架（ｏｐｅｎｒｅａｄｉｎｇｆｒａｍｅＰ，ＯＲＦＰ）．表达的蛋白是ＯＲＦＰ编码的蛋白的３倍，并得到ＯＲＦＰ蛋白的三聚体，在ＳＤＳ－ＰＡＧＥ中表现出整体蛋白的迁移行为．同时，此表达蛋白抗１０％ＳＤＳ，６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ尿素及热处理．基因结构分析表明，ＯＲＦＰ具有与Ｍ．ｂａｒｋｒｉｍｃｒＡ有同源性的核糖体结合位点和一个与甲烷细菌启动子共有序列相似度达７７％的启动子序列．使用参照序列分析表明，由ＯＲＦＰ演绎的氨基酸序列，具有高密度的带电荷的氨基酸和占优势的β－层迭构型．对此表达蛋白作了Ｎｅｕｒｏｓｒｏｒａｃｒａｓｓａ的ｐｏｒｉｎ蛋白抗血清试验，以研究其可能功能．检验了Ｍ．ｍａｚｅｉＳ－６细胞的蔗糖梯度制备物，对此原细胞中的ＯＲＦＰ蛋白作了定位．结果表明，ＯＲＦＰ蛋白可能是一种古细菌Ｐｏｒｉｎ，其在Ｍ．ｍａｚｅｉＳ－６中的表达，可能象大肠杆菌那样与渗透压调节有关．     

杭州市城市和郊区表土磷库及环境风险评价

杭州市城市和郊区土壤磷素具有明显的积累特征并有较高的潜在释放能力。可提取态P(包括H2O-P、NaHCO3-P.NaOH-P和HCl-P)平均在80％左右，其中以HCl—P的比例最高，平均约55％。32个研究土样中，26个土样的水可溶性(H20—P)在10mg／kg以上，15个土样的NaHCO3—P在100mg/kg以上。酸性条件下P的释放潜力明显增加。土壤水溶性P含量及在酸性条件下P的释放量与土壤总P呈正相关，与土壤pH负相关。     

High serum S-equol content in red clover fed ewes: the classical endocrine disruptor is a single enantiomer

An expedient high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for the quantitative analysis of environmental estrogenic isoflavonoids, particularly (S)-equol, in red clover fed ewes. We report here the phytoestrogen analysis of red clover silage and the serum of ewes fed with this feed. Ewes received daily 10.5 g of formononetin on average from red clover silage. In the serum samples a major part of formononetin had been metabolised to equol (average 7.7 μg ml⁻¹). According to chiral HPLC analysis, the equol present in the serum of ewes was solely of the (S)-form. We also demonstrate the presence of the metabolite O-demethylangolensin (O-DMA) in ovine serum.