重金属废水的生物吸附研究进展

生物吸附处理重金属废水是目前国内外研究较多的一种处理重金属废水的方法.本文综述了目前生物吸附重金属的理论研究成果,其中包括生物吸附原料、吸附机理、平衡吸附模式和一些影响因素,提出了生物吸附应用前景和研究重点.     

废旧电池掩埋处理方法初探

以分别种植小叶黄杨和八角金盘的2块试验土地与1块贫瘠裸露土地作为对照,试验植物吸收处理废旧电池的重金属污染的掩埋方法。文章介绍了将废旧电池内部的糊状物分别掩埋在小叶黄杨,八角金盘和贫瘠裸露土地3块试验土中,选用电池内部含量较多的 Zn 等重金属元素为跟踪元素,经一定时间后分析土壤中重金属元素的残留量。测定结果发现,小叶黄杨能很好地吸收掩埋入土的重金属元素,而八角金盘则对重金属没有明显的吸收作用。     

研究单位压边力值对板料成形性能的影响

主要介绍板料在拉深成形过程中单位压边力值对板料成形性能的影响。研究方法采用仿真技术 ,指出板料在成形过程中如按最初设定的单位压边力值进行成形 ,那么 ,板料成形过程中单位压边力值将逐渐增大 ,严重影响板料成形极限。如果采用控制板料在成形过程中压边圈下坯料的单位压边力值 ,将提高板料成形极限。其结论为生产现场提高板料成形性能和表面质量提供了一种可实施的方法。     

微型生物与金属腐蚀的研究

主要研究了海洋微生物与金属腐蚀的相关性。通过调查、分析海洋微生物的性质,尤其是硫酸盐还原菌（ＳＲＢ）,用移植埋片法对海底沉积物中ＳＲＢ含量的分析,建立了ＳＲＢ含量与腐蚀率之间的表象关系,为海洋工程设计提供了重要数据。     

蔬菜样品的H_2SO_4-H_2O_2快速消化方法

本文报道了使用硫酸 -过氧化氢对蔬菜样品进行快速消化的方法。其消化时间比常规消化方法大为缩短。重金属元素镉、铬、铜、镍、锌含量测定的结果 ,与用常规消化方法 (硝酸 -高氯酸 )相吻合。     

电镀重金属污泥的处理及综合利用现状

简要综述了目前工重金属污泥近几年的处理及综合利用状况，包括固化，填海等方法，其中重点介绍了铁氧化体法固化电镀污泥重离子的湿法、干法工艺流程，以及用污泥生成的铁氧体为原料，可生产颜料、油漆和磁性探伤粉等较高档产品。     

应用地积累指数法评价太子河沉积物中重金属污染

本文根据沉积学原理和环境化学行为特点，应用地积累指数法对太子河（本溪段）沉积物中重金属污染进行了评价研究。结果表明，太子河市区段重污染是严重的，主要的重金属污染物为Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ，其次为Ｚｎ、Ｃｄ、Ｈｇ。     

长江口悬浮固体中重金属元素的形态研究

研究了长江口水体中微量金属元素Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ、Ｃｄ，在固－液两相中的分配，以及在悬浮固体中的形态分布。结果表明，元素Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ有９０％左右存在于悬浮固体中，并以固态形式输入河口，溶解态仅占１０％左右；元素Ｃｄ固态部分约占３５％，溶解态占优势。在悬浮固体中，元素Ｃｕ、Ｐｂ、Ｚｎ主要以残留态和铁锰结合态形式存在，这两种形态的比例，Ｃｕ为４０％和２９％，Ｐｂ各占４０％，Ｚｎ为３７％和３８％。元素     

Chorionic villus culture for prenatal diagnosis of chromosome defects: Reduction of the long-term cultivation time

We report in detail two series of chorionic villus cultivation for prenatal chromosomal diagnosis. Chorionic villi were sampled from both first- and second-trimester pregnancies. One hundred cultures were treated with trypsin–EDTA for 2 h and collagenase overnight, (method A) and 100 were treated with trypsin–EDTA for 1 h and collagenase for 2 h (method B). Using short-term enzymatic digestion, the cultivation time was reduced from 14 days to 6 days. Sufficient amounts of metaphases of good quality were present in 93 per cent of primary cultures harvested in situ, whereas enough metaphases of sufficiently good quality were in most cases present only after subcultivation of the cultures using method A. The decrease in cultivation time obtained is probably due to a higher yield of viable cells in monocellular suspension, an increased attachment efficiency, and a more rapid attachment of single cells (within 24 h).     

Maternal sex chromosome mosaicism diagnosed by amniocentesis and percutaneous umbilical cord sampling

We present a remarkable chain of events in which percutaneous umbilical cord sampling was performed in an attempt to clarify a situation of possible fetal sex chromosome mosaicism in an amniotic fluid culture and led to the discovery that the mother herself had a 45,X/46,XX/ 47.XXX chromosome constitution. This may have simply represented the chance concurrence of pseudo-mosaicism in the amniotic fluid culture of a woman with an abnormal sex chromosome constitution, but it is also possible that the 45,X colony was maternal in origin. Although clearly a most unusual circumstance, the possibility should be kept in mind when termination of a pregnancy is being considered because of apparent mosaicism in a prenatal diagnostic study.