蒙顶山茶区土壤重金属环境质量及土壤pH值现状评价

本文利用地球化学背景资料,采用单项污染指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法,根据土壤环境质量标准(GB15618-1995)中的二级标准,以茶区11个地层为单元分别对土壤重金属环境质量及该区土壤pH值进行了地球化学评价。评价结果表明,研究区K2j、K1t、K2g1、K2g3和Q2五个地层土壤为清洁区;其余各地层土壤尚清洁。就各单指标指数来看,Cd元素对土壤污染指数作用最大。     

某市工业区土壤重金属污染及富集植物的研究

为了促进某市工业区土壤重金属污染的治理,对该区土壤和野生的主要四种植物,用原子吸收的方法测定了金属Cr、Cu和Ni的含量。结果表明：土壤中三种金属的X含量是533．14mg／ks,923．252mg／kg,310．928mg／kg。是国家土壤环境质量三级标准的533．1、2．3和1．55倍,说明污染严重;植物体内的金属含量高出正常土壤环境下的含量,经过对植物转移系数和富集系数分析,蒲公英Taraxacum ohwianum Kitam．对三种金属积累和富集最强;其次菊芋Hellanthus tuberofus L．对Cr能力较强;龙葵Solarium nigrum L．对Cu能力较强;小蓟Cirsium segetum Bunge对Ni能力较强。使利用植物积累和富集还原和净化土壤重金属污染成为可能。     

吸附法处理重金属废水研究进展

对吸附法处理重金属废水的研究进展进行了综述,包括吸附机理、影响吸附的相关因素和常用吸附剂及其应用,同时展望了吸附法处理重金属废水的发展方向。     

湘江重金属污染现状、污染原因分析与对策探讨

湘江是长江的重要支流,湘江流域内聚集了湖南约60%的人口,创造了全省近3/4的GDP。近年来随着工农业的快速发展、城市圈的扩大、沿江两岸矿产资源的开发,湘江重金属污染日趋严重。湘江综合治理不仅关系到湖南经济的发展、社会的和谐,还关系到长江流域的可持续发展。本文在对湘江水资源作基本介绍的基础上,着重调查了重金属污染现状与己形成的影响,对重金属污染来源与原因进行了分析,提出了湘江重金属污染防治的对策与建议。     

石家庄污灌区土壤重金属污染现状评价

为揭示污水灌溉对土壤环境质量的影响,本研究以石家庄市污灌区为例,对其表层土壤重金属Pb、Hg、Cr、Cd、As、Cu、Zn的含量进行了测定分析,按照单因子污染指数法和内梅罗综合污染指数法,根据土壤环境背景值标准进行了评价,并应用克里格插值方法对研究区内表层土壤污染的空间变异特征进行了分析。结果表明,研究区表层土壤中各重金属均有超过背景值现象;其中Cd含量远高于土壤背景值,为主要污染因子,Hg为次要污染因子,Cu、Cr、Pb、Zn基本上为轻度污染,As处于清洁状态;污染综合指数均大于1,处于轻度污染以上等级;各种金属单因子污染指数和综合指数在研究区的分布特点各不相同,总体上形成以东明渠、洨河主河道为中心逐渐向两边递减的污染分布状态,中度污染及严重污染将近占研究区总面积的一半以上。     

二妃山垃圾填埋场地下水环境质量浅析

以武汉市二妃山垃圾填埋场的渗滤液和周边地下水环境质量为研究对象,2007年12月采取垃圾填埋场的渗滤液和周边居民自用水井的地下水进行检测分析和模糊评价。测试目标为pH、总硬度和阴阳离子等。经检测后发现垃圾渗滤液中大部分金属离子含量比较高,部分水井中Fe、Hg、Mn、Pb、NO3离子超过地下水质量标准GB／T14848—1993三级标准,可见垃圾填埋场对周边地下水产生了一定的影响。     

土壤中重金属测定方法探讨

采用硝酸+氢氟酸+高氯酸全分解方法消解土壤样品,并结合原子吸收分光光度法和标准加入法测定土壤中、锌、铅、镉、镍、总铬的含量.结果表明,该方法具有操作简便、快速,节省试剂,准确可靠等特点:实际土壤样品的检测结果完全能满足环境土壤样品测定的要求.     

大连湾底栖生物重金属含量现状与评价

根据2001年-2008年的资料,对大连湾底栖生物重金属含量进行分析与评价。结果表明,底栖生物体内重金属平均含量顺序为：Zn〉Cr〉Cu〉Cd〉As〉Pb〉Hg;2006年-2008年均值与＂十五＂期间比较,海域底栖生物体重金属含量均有所下降;底栖生物受重金属污染较轻,但Cd、Cr、Zn、Hg、Cu富集问题严重;生物体内Cd含量超过人体消费标准,应引起有关部门重视。     

Bioaccumulation and depuration of chromium in the selected organs and whole body tissues of freshwater fish Cirrhinus mrigala individually and in binary solutions with nickel

Contamination of aquatic ecosystems with heavy metals has been receiving increased worldwide attention due to their harmful e ects on human health and other organisms in the environment. Most of the studies dealing with toxic e ects of metals deal with single metal species, while the aquatic organisms are typically exposed to mixtures of metals. Hence, in order to provide data supporting the usefulness of freshwater fish as indicators of heavy metal pollution, it has been proposed in the present study to investigate the bioaccumulation and depuration of chromium in the selected organs of freshwater fingerlings Cirrhinus mrigala, individually and in binary solutions with nickel. The results show that the kidney is a target organ for chromium accumulation, which implies that it is also the “critical” organ for toxic symptoms. The results further show that accumulation of nickel in all the tissues of C. mrigala is higher than that of chromium. In addition, the metal accumulations of the binary mixtures of chromium and nickel are substantially higher than those of the individual metals, indicating synergistic interactions between the two metals. Theoretically the simplest explanation for an additive joint action of toxicants in a mixture is that they act in a qualitatively similar way. The observed data suggest that C. mrigala could be suitable monitoring organisms to study the bioavailability of water-bound metals in freshwater habitats.     

Bioaccumulation of heavy metals by Phragmites australis cultivated in synthesized substrates

Accumulation of heavy metals from various oxides with adsorbed cadmium by wetland plant Phragmites australis was studied to evaluate the fate of heavy metals in the sediment of constructed wetlands. Hoagland solution was used as nutrition supply, and single metal oxide with adsorbed cadmium was applied as contaminant to study the accumulation characteristics of cadmium and the substrate metals by P. australis. After 45-d treatment, the bioaccumulation degree in root followed the order: Al(OH)₃ > Al₂O₃ > Fe₃O₄ > MnO₂ > FeOOH. Heavy metals absorbed by P. australis were largely immobilized by the roots with little translocation to aboveground parts.