催化剂BiFeO3的制备及其光催化性能研究

采用水热合成法制备了不同煅烧温度下的可见光催化剂BiFeO3粉体,并进行了结构和光催化性能的测试.利用X射线衍射、扫描电镜、傅里叶变换红外光谱和紫外-可见漫反射光谱方法对制备的粉体的晶相结构、表面形貌、光学特性等进行了表征.结果表明,500℃下制备的BiFeO3的晶相最纯、粒径最小、可见光吸收范围广、存在Fe-O键的弯...     

长廊型高层建筑防排烟影响因素的模拟研究

为研究走廊中防排烟的影响因素,采用数值模拟的方法,对排烟口布置方式、走廊净高度和排烟速率以及挡烟垂壁等因素进行分析.结果表明,排烟口的布置方式不同对排烟效果的影响很大;排烟口置于顶棚时比排烟口置于侧壁时排烟效率高,走廊内危险性低;走廊净高对烟气的沉降有非常明显的影响,走廊净高低,危险性大;高层建筑走廊机械排烟时,排烟速率对排烟效果影响很大;挡烟垂壁能够较好地降低挡烟垂壁下游走廊内的危险性.     

One-step formation of oligopeptide-like molecules from Glu and Asp in hydrothermal environments

Biopolymer accumulation in the absence of enzymes is an essential step for the chemical evolution of primitive life-like systems, and successful simulation experiments of prebiotic biopolymer formation have suggested that oligopeptides could have formed near submarine hydrothermal vent environments on primitive earth. However, the yield and length of oligopeptides -- typically limited to 6-mers -- seems to be inadequate. One reason is the rapid formation of diketopiperazines (DKPs) from dipeptides. In this study, using a hydrothermal microflow reactor, we show that the one-step synthesis of oligopeptide-like molecules of length up to 20-mers proceeds from Glu and Asp. Yields of up to 0.17-0.57% were obtained in an acidic solution within 183 s at 250-310 degrees C, as evaluated by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) analysis and different types of high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses. The present study indicates that Glu and Asp may have played important roles in the chemical evolution of oligopeptide-like molecules in hydrothermal vent environments on primitive earth.     

高层综合楼排烟系统设计分析与计算校核

高层综合楼功能复杂,人员密集,火灾危险性大,而火灾中烟气的毒害和窒息作用是致人死亡的最主要原因。因此,对该类建筑进行必要的排烟设计,既可以保证人员疏散安全,也有利于进行消防扑救。以某高层综合楼的排烟设计为例,对其排烟系统设计进行分析,重点对其排烟风机的排烟量进行计算校核,并提出了在排烟系统设计时应注意的问题,为设计人员及消防设计审核人员提供参考。     

火源房间出口面积与远离火源位置烟气浓度关系的实验研究

通过实验较系统地研究了火源房间烟气出口面积与远离火源位置烟气浓度的关系,主要探讨了一氧化碳浓度峰值的大小和到达峰值的时间与烟气出口流通面积和燃料质量的关系,并给出了初步的分析解释。     

竖井排烟口对L型高层建筑烟气流动特性影响的模拟研究

为了研究竖井排烟口对L型高层建筑烟气流动特性的影响,建立L型高层建筑火灾的数值模拟模型,以温度、CO浓度和窗口气流速度为指标,探讨在不同排烟面积下高层建筑内部结构的烟气流动特性。研究结果表明：6层为建筑的中性层位置,随着排烟口面积增大,烟气蔓延到竖井顶部的时间缩短,对中性层以下走廊的烟气控制效果增强;火灾发生在中性层以下时,中性层以上窗口气流速度为负,烟气溢出;320 s为温差变化的分界点,在320 s之前,排烟口面积与温差绝对值成正相关,320 s之后则成负相关。     

Degradation of kanamycin from production wastewater with high-concentration organic matrices by hydrothermal treatment

It is known that many kinds of fermentative antibiotics can be removed by temperatureenhanced hydrolysis from production wastewater based on their easy-to-hydrolyze characteristics. However, a few aminoglycosides are hard to hydrolyze below 100 °C because of their stability expressed by high molecular energy gap( E). Herein, removal of hard-to-hydrolyze kanamycin residue from production wastewater by hydrothermal treatment at subcritical temperatures was investigated. The results showed the reac...     

浮盘和气窗位置对内浮顶罐正己烷蒸发损耗的影响

在环境保护日趋严格和受到重视的大环境下,内浮顶罐的蒸发损耗机理和减排降耗规律尚有进一步研究的空间。使用自制的1 000 m3内浮顶罐缩比模型,研究了不同气窗和浮盘位置对罐内气体空间气流分布、罐内风速、储液蒸气浓度以及损耗速率的影响。结果表明:罐壁通气孔储罐和罐顶边缘通气孔储罐的气孔流向均呈现两进两出的特点;壁面通气孔储罐内风速大于顶盖边缘通气孔储罐,而浓度小于后者;浮盘位置越高,蒸发损耗速率越大,顶孔罐相比于壁孔罐的减排效果就越明显,其原因是贯穿整个壁孔罐内气体空间的大旋涡对边圈密封处的影响造成的。通过分析,建议将罐壁通气孔改造成罐顶边缘通气孔,建议在API内浮顶罐损耗公式的修订中考虑气窗和浮盘位置的影响。     

Effects of persulfate-assisted hydrothermal treatment of municipal sludge on aqueous phase characteristics and phytotoxicity

Hydrothermal technology (HT) has received much attention in recent years as a process to convert wet organic waste into hydrochar.The aqueous phase (HTAP) produced by this process is still a burden and has become a bottleneck issue for HT process development.In this study,we provide the?rst investigation of the HTAP characteristics,phytotoxicity,and their correlation with persulfate (PS)(PS,2.0 mmol/g TS)-assisted municipal sludge HT.The results showed that PS accelerated the hydrolysis of prote...     

水热氧化技术研究的进展

叙述水热氧化法的基本原理和研究进展，并重点介绍在高浓度乳化废水、含酚废水、含油污水和废碱液的处理中，最新试验研究以及它的优缺点和发展前景。