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61.
基于MODIS时序数据北回归线(云南段)地区植被物候时空变化及其对气候响应分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
植被物候作为自然界规律性、周期性事件,对开展全球气候变化、植被长势观测等研究具有重要价值。以北回归线(云南段)穿过的县域为研究区,基于长时间序列MODIS EVI(Enhanced Vegetation Index,EVI)、土地利用类型和气候因子数据,采用S-G滤波、动态阈值、相关分析等方法分析19 a(2001—2019年)间植被物候的时空分布特征及其对水热因子的响应。结果表明,(1)海拔和地势起伏在物候地域分异中作用显著,植被物候存在明显的垂直地带性分布特征。山地与河谷、坝子、低海拔区的物候值差异较大,山地地区的植被生长季开始期(Start of Season,SOS)在192—240 d,生长季结束期(End of Season,EOS)在次年144—192 d,生长季长度(Length of Season,LOS)为272—304 d;河谷、坝子、东部低海拔地区的植被SOS在80—112 d,EOS在337至次年17 d,LOS在224—256 d。(2)19 a间植被物候年际变化总体特征为SOS显著提前(R2=0.51,P=0.001<0.05),平均提前1.14 d·(10 a)?1;EOS推迟(R2=0.01,P=0.756>0.05),平均推迟0.07 d·(10 a)?1;LOS显著延长(R2=0.47,P=0.001<0.05),平均延长1.07 d·(10 a)?1。(3)不同植被类型的物候期及其变化趋势不同,研究区森林植被生长期最长,草地次之,耕地最短;19 a间SOS、EOS、LOS变化最大的分别是常绿阔叶林(?1.68 d·(10 a)?1)、耕地(1.25 d·(10 a)?1)、木本热带稀树草原(1.28 d·(10 a)?1)。(4)水热组合对植被生长影响显著,河谷、坝子、东部低海拔地区的植被SOS、EOS分别主要受2月降水(负相关)和4月气温(正相关)、9月降水和气温(正相关)影响,山地地区植被SOS、EOS分别主要受6月降水(正相关)和5月气温(正相关)、5月降水(正相关)和4月气温(正相关)影响。 相似文献
62.
Hydrothermal carbonization of simulated food waste was performed at 250 °C for 20 h using deionized water (DI) and 0.01 N solutions of HCl, NaCl, and NaOH. The hydrochars produced were washed with acetone and the adsorptive capacity of the washed and unwashed hydrochars for atrazine were characterized. Using a generalized linear model, it was shown that the adsorptive capacity of the washed hydrochar was significantly higher than that of the unwashed hydrochars. The HCl processed unwashed hydrochar has a slightly higher adsorptive capacity compared to the DI processed hydrochar while both the NaOH processed washed and unwashed hydrochars were slightly lower than the corresponding DI processed hydrochars. 13C solid-state NMR results showed no discernible differences in surface functional groups among the washed hydrochars and among the unwashed hydrochars. A clear decrease in alkyl groups and an increase in aromatic/olefinic-C groups were observed after acetone washing. 1H liquid-phase NMR showed carbon alkyl chains were present in the acetone wash. Interaction energies calculated using dispersion corrected density functional theory show that atrazine is more strongly adsorbed to surfaces without weakly associated alkyl groups. 相似文献
63.
Until several years ago dioxins were considered as just an unwanted by product of anthropogenic activities and stigmatized as the symbol of man-made environmental pollution. Natural processes, such as forest fires, can emit dioxins, but compared to industrial processes, usually very low quantities are emitted. However after a case of food contamination occurred in the United States of America in 1996 caused by kaolinitic clay a discussion on the provenience started. Besides the relatively high concentration also an unusual PCDD/F distribution pattern was found in these ball clay samples. This specific pattern related to none of the known anthropogenic sources for these contaminants and, in relation to a supposed natural formation, later it was named “natural formation pattern”. Hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) can transform biomass within hours into a brown coal-like product which resembles naturally occurring coal formation. HTC can also transform an already present PCDD/F contamination in a way to obtain a “natural formation pattern” characterized by an unusual high ratio between 1,2,3,7,8,9-HxCDD and 1,2,3,6,7,8-HxCDD and the absence of almost all chlorinated dibenzofurans. By varying the experimental conditions of the HTC process applied to sewage sludge samples contaminated with PCDD/Fs from anthropogenic sources, beside the “natural formation pattern” at a temperatures of 255 °C, a remarkable increase of the toxicity based on WHO–TEQ was observed. 相似文献
64.
为确定半地下有轨电车车站火灾情况下自然排烟模式的排烟效果,以某城市有轨电车典型车站为研究对象,采用数值模拟法建立全尺寸模型进行计算,研究半地下有轨电车车站在列车火灾情况下采用自然排烟模式时,车站空间内温度分布、排烟口与楼扶梯口流速等特征参数演化特征,分析半地下有轨电车车站火灾发生时,采用自然排烟模式的气流流场、烟气运动... 相似文献
65.
Jing Xu Jiong Cheng Runtian He Jiaqi Lu Chunling Wang Heng Zhong Fangming Jin 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2023,17(10):127
66.
湿热处理技术近年来在国内外受到广泛的关注,此项技术主要应用于淀粉、餐厨垃圾的湿热水解均质化处理等方面.对此,研究人员开展了大量的研究工作,研究内容涉及湿热处理工艺影响因素研究、湿热处理工艺条件优化分析、湿热处理工艺对底物结构与性质的影响.总结前人的研究成果,沉淀目前湿热处理工艺成果应用与成果转化相关信息,并对湿热处理工艺的潜在应用领域做出初步展望. 相似文献
67.
68.
Yuchao Shao Jun Zhao Yuyang Long Wenjing Lu 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2023,17(10):119
Converting biomass materials to humic acid is a sustainable method for humic acid production and achieve biomass valorization. A two-step hydrothermal treatment method was adopted in this study to produce humic acid from corn stalks. In the first step of the process, hydrochar was prepared at different hydrothermal temperatures and pH values. Their chemical properties were then analyzed, and the hydrochar-derived humic acids were produced under alkaline hydrothermal conditions (denoted as HHAalk). The hydrochar, prepared under high temperature (200 °C) and strong acidic (pH 0) conditions, achieved high HHAalk yields (i.e., 67.9 wt% and 68.8 wt% calculated based on weight of hydrochar). The sources of HHAalk formation were as follows: 1) production in the hydrochar preparation stage, and 2) increment under the alkaline hydrothermal treatment of hydrochar. The degree of hydrochar unsaturation was suggested as an indicator for evaluating the hydrochar humification potential under alkaline hydrothermal conditions. This study provides an important reference for the preparation of suitable hydrochar with high hydrothermal humification potential. 相似文献
69.
本文以一超市建筑为例,运用火灾模拟软件FDS对排烟口位置、排烟口数量、排烟量、排烟口面积等对机械排烟效果的影响进行了研究。研究表明顶棚排烟优于侧壁排烟;排烟口应尽量远离疏散出口;排烟量达到一定数值之后,再增加排烟量,对排烟效果影响不大;增加排烟口数量,并合理分布其位置,可以得到良好的排烟效果。 相似文献
70.
为优化选择水幕和机械排烟系统作用下最佳防排烟方式,运用FDS数值模拟方法探究排烟速率和水幕与排烟口间距对烟流分布的影响,并对11组模拟工况下排烟效率和烟气特征参数变化规律进行研究。结果表明:20 MW的火源功率下,排烟速率为60 m3/s、水幕与排烟口间距为12.5 m时,排烟效率较高且烟气特征参数满足安全要求,考虑防排烟的有效性和经济性,可选其为最优防排烟组合方式。研究结果对防排烟系统的设计具有指导意义。 相似文献