九寨沟旅游者地方感对资源保护态度的影响

地方感是国外游憩地理学和环境心理学的研究热点,旅游者地方感对其资源保护态度与行为的影响是地方感应用研究的重要内容。以九寨沟为例,设计量表测量了旅游者的地方感及其资源保护态度,通过构建结构方程模型探讨了旅游者地方感与其资源保护态度的关系。研究结果表明：（1）九寨沟的自然风景、社会人文对旅游功能有显著的正向影响,自然风景、旅游功能对旅游者的情感依恋有显著的正向影响;（2）旅游者的资源保护态度直接受其对九寨沟的情感依恋的影响,九寨沟的自然风景、社会人文和旅游功能主要通过旅游者的情感依恋影响资源保护态度,情感依恋在其中起着媒介作用;（3）对自然风景的感知评价是影响旅游者的资源保护态度的主要因素;（4）感知体验水平越高的旅游者,对九寨沟资源环境保护的重要性的认同程度也越高。最后讨论了增强旅游者资源保护意识的途径以及地方感研究的实际意义     

陶瓷负载Ag、Ce共掺杂TiO2光催化剂降解甲基橙的研究

以陶瓷为载体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了银离子和铈离子共掺杂TiO2的负载型光催化剂——T-AC/陶瓷,研究了pH值、双氧水用量、催化剂用量、紫外灯强度、废水的初始浓度等因素对T-AC/陶瓷光催化剂降解甲基橙染料废水的影响。结果表明,当pH为2、双氧水用量为0.5 mL/100 mL、催化剂用量为3 g/L、紫外灯功率为20 W、废水初始浓度为10mg/L时,甲基橙的降解率可达85.9%,并且甲基橙的光催化降解属于一级动力学方程,T-AC/陶瓷催化剂有较高的活性和稳定性,在废水处理中具有较好的应用前景。     

Effect of ZnCl<Subscript>2</Subscript> impregnation ratio on pore structure of activated carbons prepared from cattle manure compost: application of N<Subscript>2</Subscript> adsorption-desorption isotherms

Activated carbons were prepared from cattle manure compost (CMC) by ZnCl₂ activation with various ZnCl₂/CMC mass ratios. Based on the N₂ adsorption-desorption isotherms, mathematical models including the Dubinin-Radushkevich (DR) equation, the α_s plot, and the Horvath-Kawazoe method were used to analyze the pore structural characteristics of the prepared activated carbons. It was found that for carbons possessing both micro-and mesopores, the DR method provided a more accurate estimation than the α_s method for the extent of microporosity. The effect of the ZnCl₂ impregnation ratio on the pore structure was discussed using the DR method. The results revealed that pore evolution involved three distinct regions with increases in the amount of impregnated ZnCl₂: raising the ZnCl₂/CMC mass ratio from 0.00 to 0.50 resulted in a 19-fold increase in micropore volume (V_me ^D) but caused no change in the mesopore volume (V_me ^D); increasing the ZnCl₂/CMC mass ratio from 0.50 to 1.00 led to an increment in V_mi ^D of about 50% and in V_me ^D of 170%; while raising the ratio from 1.50 to 2.50 caused a slight decrease in V_mi ^D but a 200% increment in the value of V_me ^D.     

海啸波近岸共振响应的数值模拟及分析

应用有限差分方法求解非线性浅水长波方程,建立了海啸波产生和传播的二维数值模型;对太平洋地震引起的夏威夷群岛海啸波进行模拟,并将模拟结果和测站实测值进行比较,验证了模型的正确性。利用快速傅里叶变换对数值模拟结果进行谱分析,得到整个计算区域的能量谱分布,并给出了发生能量聚集的位置及相应的谱峰周期。讨论了海啸波传播到近岸时可能产生的共振响应现象,发现海啸波和近岸的共振响应不仅与近岸复杂地形有关,还与海啸波传播到近岸时的波浪入射方向有关。     

人类环境影响驱动因素非线性动力学关系分析

根据非线性科学理论，建立人类环境影响与人口增长系数、富裕增长系数、其它综合因素增长系数、技术指标四者之间的二次、三次非线性动力学模式，并运用稳定性分析理论对其求解、分析。结果表明：①在技术对人类环境影响的线性作用下，当技术先进时，技术进步所起的缓解作用十分显著；但在技术落后情况下。能够降低环境影响的因素首先是人口增长，其次是富裕增长和其他综合因素增长。②在技术对人类环境影响的非线性作用下，同样的技术进步使人类的环境影响降低了接近一倍，即技术进步能够更有效地降低环境影响。③在技术对人类环境影响的线性和非线性作用下，人口增长或富裕增长、其它综合因素增长均能放大技术进步在缓解环境影响中的作用，只是非线性作用下的放大效应更显著。     

Seismic monitoring and modelling of supercritical CO2 injection into a water-saturated sandstone: Interpretation of P-wave velocity data

This paper reports on an integrated laboratory and numerical simulation study of ultrasonic P-wave velocity response to supercritical CO₂ displacement of pore water in Tako sandstone. The analysis of dynamic velocity data recorded using an array of piezoelectric transducers mounted on a core sample showed that the P-wave velocities at different positions displayed a similar trend in time, i.e., an initial sharp fall followed by a more gradual decline. Considerable variations observed in the measured P-wave velocity reductions across the sandstone core could largely be attributed to the final state of saturation (e.g. uniform, patchy or in-between) attained by the two-phase fluids. Numerical simulation of the injection test using a simple 1D model was carried out to provide an estimation of the phase saturation changes underlying the measured P-wave velocity reductions. A second order polynomial correlation between the measured ultrasonic P-wave velocity reductions and the estimated CO₂ saturation was established. Comparison with the Gassmann velocities showed that the empirically established relationship marks a clear deviation from both the patchy and uniform saturation velocity curves.     

Municipal solid waste production and composition in Finland—Changes in the period 1960–2002 and prospects until 2020

Waste reduction was recognised as the main goal of waste management policy in the EU in the 1990s. Although knowledge of past waste generation is essential for effective waste reduction policy there are no comprehensive statistics on the past development of municipal solid waste (MSW) production. MSW management is currently under turmoil in many EU countries as the requirements of the EC landfill directive (1999/31/EC) are set into force. In this study, the production and composition of MSW in Finland between 1960 and 2002 is presented using historical data. The impact of population, affluence and technology on MSW production are analysed using the IPAT equation and three scenarios are constructed until year 2020. The results are compared with national future targets on MSW production. Production of MSW increased in Finland until 1990, declined to year 1997, increased to 2000 and then declined again. The share of organic and plastic waste increased over the study period while the share of paper and cardboard declined. The results suggest that so far national targets on MSW reduction have been set fairly low. Moreover, our scenarios depict a wide range of future MSW production, even though the time horizon is not longer than 15 years into the future. In order to narrow this range, continuous improvement of the statistics of MSW is essential.     

安全氛围对企业安全行为的影响研究

国外大量研究表明,安全氛围调查在改进企业的安全行为方面有积极的作用,为组织制订未来的安全政策提供依据。本研究通过查阅文献、国外类似的诊断调查工具及软件,根据所提出的理论假设,采用线性结构方程建模的方法,构建了本研究的LISREL理论模型,并设计了相应的调查问卷和量表。从所建立的安全氛围的三个构面(安全管理、安全认知、安全态度)入手探讨企业的安全氛围对企业的安全行为(两个构面:安全执行、安全处理)的影响。本研究采用问卷调查的方式采集数据,将所得资料用SPSS11.0和LISREL8.3软件来分析处理和检验研究假设,研究结果为实证单位改进企业的安全行为提供了帮助。     

模拟火灾闪燃现象特征值之研究

建筑物火灾闪燃现象一直受世界研究者之重视。因为它呈现了火势动态行为中一个重要特征。火灾成长期中,闪燃可视为一种临界事件,如果其发生即代表系统稳定初步失败。为了解如此重要机制,本研究回顾了区划空间火灾成长数学公式,并另外参考英国受丁堡大学所发展之统治方程式,使用MATLAB软体为工具,来求解非线性常微分与火势暂态相关曲线,俾发掘出内在可能的行为机制。模拟结果指出,闪燃是火势发现过程中温度极具热不稳定性,尝参数受到微小扰动下即有可能产生状态极大变化;尤其,透过特征值可以发现系统何时丧失稳定性。另外,本文也当试针对台湾921地震后使用之组合屋作实验性火灾模拟,研究结果不仅计算出该型建屋之单一特征值,而且也模拟出火势发生时之特征值曲线,来显示出热物理之演化过程。     

三江源地区土壤保持功能空间分析及其价值评估

在地理信息系统的支持下,利用已有的资料,将三江源地区划分为1km×1km的栅格,并以栅格为单元对其生态系统土壤保持功能进行分析和计算.运用通用土壤流失方程研究了该地区生态系统土壤侵蚀量和土壤保持量及其空间分布,并利用市场价值法、机会成本法和影子工程法评估了土壤保持功能的价值.研究表明,三江源地区生态系统土壤保持总量为1.04×109t/a,其价值总计为1.25×109元/a.其中保持土壤养分的经济价值为1.10×10⁹元/a,减少废弃土地的经济价值为1.64×10⁷元/a,减少泥沙淤积的经济价值为1.34×10⁸元/a.