海洋大气氯离子监测方法——湿烛法与干片法对比研究

目的对比研究两种海洋大气氯离子监测方法。方法针对湿烛法与干片法各自的特点,在万宁试验站海洋平台、近海试验场、内试验场和不同离海距离的屋顶监测了两种方法多种条件下的氯离子沉降速率。采用成对数据的符号秩和检验法对比研究了湿润、透风、采样的方向性、氯离子污染程度对两种采样方法的监测结果的影响,采用皮尔逊积矩相关系数分析了气象因素对氯离子沉降速率的关系。结果湿润、透风、采样的方向性是重要的影响因素,氯离子污染程度越大的环境,其影响程度越大。结论诸多影响的综合结果导致了湿烛法监测的氯离子沉降速率高于干片法。     

Do integration difficulties influence management system integration levels?

The objective of this article is to empirically analyse whether there is a relationship between the difficulties found in the integration process and the level of system integration achieved.A sample of 362 organisations registered, at least, to both ISO 9001:2000 and ISO 14001:2004, is examined. Structural equation modelling is applied to their responses to a mailed survey. Two different groups are studied depending on the number of management systems implemented: two systems for the first group and three for the second.The results demonstrate that organisations with three implemented management systems face difficulties in the integration process that affect the level of integration, while this relationship is not significant for those organisations with two management systems.This paper is one of the first studies focussing on integration difficulties and their effect on the level of integration achieved.     

政府部门建立ISO14000环境管理体系探讨

本文从城市的可持续发展战略高度出发，论述了政府部门建立ISO14001环境管理体系的必要性和可行性，并从9个方面阐述了建立环境管理体系的重要意义。     

ISO14000系列环境管理国际标准概述

概述了ISO14000系列环境管理国际标准的内容、分类、特点及其作用。介绍了企业实施该系列标准所应采取的步骤和措施。该系列标准由环境管理体系、环境行为评价、生命周期评估、环境管理、产品标准中的环境因素等系列组成,可指导企业表现正确的环境行为,提升企业的竞争力。     

21世纪的环境管理——论ISO14000环境管理系列标准

ＩＳＯ１４０００环境管理系列标准是国际标准化组织的ＴＣ２０７环境管理技术委员会制定的旨在加强环境管理的国际标准。本文论述了ＩＳＯ１４０００系列标准的由来、基本框架及内容、系列标准的特点及其作用,并对我国积极推行ＩＳＯ１４０００系列标准的状况作了全面阐述。     

实施ISO14000标准促进绿色行政和可持续发展

政府推行ISO14000标准，实施“绿色行政”，不仅能提高政府环境管理的水平，而且可以极大的提高政府的形象，并通过制定科学的、符合生态规律的发展规划，采取切实可行的、对环境友好的技术管理措施，达到保护生态环境、自然资源、实现可持续发展战略的目的。为了适应加入WTO的需要，实现环境管理和国际接轨，带动更多的企事业单位向科学的环境管理模式迈进，在政府开展ISO14000，实施“绿色行政”方面作了有益的探索。     

The ISO 14001 EMS Implementation Process and Its Implications: A Case Study of Central Japan

/ This study aims to investigate the ISO 14001 implementation process and its implications for regional environmental management. The region of Central Japan (known as Chubu in Japanese, which literally means center) was chosen for this case study. The study focuses on selected issues such as the: (1) trends and motives of private firms in the implementation of an ISO 14001-based environmental management system (EMS); (2) obstacles during system implementation; (3) role of the system in enhancing environmental performance within the certified organization; and (4) relation between the major stakeholders, local citizens, governments, and firms after adopting the system. To achieve these objectives, a questionnaire survey was mailed to all certified firms in the region. A 58% response was achieved overall. The results show that the main aims behind the adoption of ISO 14001 by firms in the Chubu region are to improve the environmental aspects within the enterprises and to enhance the employees' environmental awareness and capacity. The results have also shown that the ISO 14001-based EMS has had a great effect on a firm's environmental status as certified firms have claimed that natural resources such as fuel, water, and paper consumption have been more efficiently managed after adopting the system. Implementation of the system causes the firms to consider the role of the local people and the government in more effectively involving the local people in the firm's daily environmental activities. It also helps to enhance the environmental awareness among the local people. Adopting the system also promotes a better relation within the enterprises affiliated to the same group, such as more attention given by the parent firms (head offices) towards other firms working for the same group, or branches-mainly small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs)-in the field of EMS. Finally, the results show that firms give serious consideration to their final products' impacts on the environment. In other words, attention is given to life cycle analysis (LCA) among certified firms.     

International Legal Instruments and Regional Environmental Protection

Efficient environmental protection requires global, as well as regional ecological strategies. During the last decade numerous attempts at regional and global environmental protection have been made. But industrial environmental protection is still, above all, a national matter. National emission limit values and international technological standards still neglect to a large extent the regional aspects of pollution prevention. Recent normative texts (international standards, European directives) can be seen as the first step to filling this gap. They represent different evolutionary stages on the way from merely technocentric to regionally integrated environmental protection. We investigate the potential of some of these normative texts to operationalise regional environmental strategies. For this purpose we will provide a framework for evaluation centred on the following questions: ? Is the installation/project/organisation perceived as part of its specific environment? ? Can local immission standards be developed on the basis of a functional classification of ecosystems? ? Are methods of integrated ecological evaluation supported? The framework will be applied to examine the European directives on Environmental Impact Assessment and Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control and two ISO (International Standardisation Organisation) standards on Environmental Management Systems (ISO 14001 and 14004) with regard to basic requirements for operationalising integrated regional environmental protection.     

综合利用在含铬废水处理工艺改进上的体现

针对含铬废水处理站运行状况进行了分析,找出了不符合ISO14001标准的因素,结合公司“三废”具体实际,进行了工艺改进,以废治废和回用水资源,实现清洁生产。     

清洁生产与ISO14000环境管理体系标准

论述了清洁生产与ISO14000环境管理体系标准在起源、目的等方面的共同之处.探讨了二者在依据、内容、实施手段、侧重点、主力军、管理者、实施效果等方面的不同点以及两者之间的互补性.