Potential coastal impacts of contemporary changing climate on South Asian seas states

The threat of man-induced global change on the nations of the South Asian seas region varies from place to place because of differences in exposure to monsoons and stoms, differences in local tectonics and subsidence, and variations in air and sea climates. Because several nations are involved, some having subsistence budgets, and given the cost of deriving independently a comprehensive response to global change, the similarities and differences between national settings must be identified soon. These comparisons will form the basis for local response strategies: the similarities provide a basis for responses similar to that of other nations and the differences provide for local adaptation. That climate change on the South Asian coastal region will have an impact is certain: its economics, environment, and coastal land uses are dominated to a certain extent by this marine influence. The extent of these impacts, however, is uncertain. Accompanying global change will be changes in sea level, differences in storm climate, and altered precipitation patterns; science cannot define today what pattern these changes will take. Because global change is inevitable—although its magnitude, timing, and geographic distribution are unknown—the South Asian seas region should begin the appropriate research and planning studies to set forth a reasoned response to global change, for implementation when scientific evidence for global change is more quantitative.     

An inventory of wetland impoundments in the coastal zone of Louisiana,USA: Historical trends

We inventoried wetland impoundments in the Louisiana, USA, coastal zone from the late 1900s to 1985. Historically, impoundment of wetlands for reclamation resulted in direct wetland loss after levees (dikes) failed and the impounded area was permanently flooded, reverting not to wetland, but to open-water habitat. A current management approach is to surround wetlands by levees and water control structures, a practice termed semi-impoundment marsh management. The purpose of this semi-impoundment is to retard saltwater intrusion and reduce water level fluctuations in an attempt to reduce wetland loss, which is a serious problem in coastal Louisiana. In order to quantify the total impounded area, we used historic data and high-altitude infrared photography to map coastal impoundments. Our goal was to produce a documented inventory of wetlands intentionally impounded by levees in the coastal zone of Louisiana in order to provide a benchmark for further research. We inventoried 370,658 ha within the coastal zone that had been intentionally impounded before 1985. This area is equal to about 30% of the total wetland area in the coastal zone. Of that total area, approximately 12% (43,000 ha) is no longer impounded (i.e., failed impoundments; levees no longer exist or only remnants remain). Of the 328,000 ha still impounded, about 65% (214,000 ha) is developed (agriculture, aquaculture, urban and industrial development, and contained spoil). The remaining 35% (114,000 ha) of impoundments are in an undeveloped state (wetland or openwater habitat). In December 1985, approximately 50% (78,000 ha) of the undeveloped and failed impoundments were open-water habitat. This inventory will allow researchers to monitor future change in land-water ratios that occur within impounded wetlands and thus to assess the utility of coastal wetland management using impoundments.     

中国东、南部大陆、海域与邻区(国)古构造演化关系

本文论证了中国海域基底与邻区古构造演化关系,中朝地台与京畿地块以北对应。中下扬子台拗东延为朝南古拗陷,东南地槽系连接本州地槽系,华夏地块经东海接日本“南方大陆”,华夏和印支地块隶属于南海—东海地台的边缘地块。     

浅谈提高环境影响评价质量的途径

简要阐述了环评工作中存在的问题，提出提高环评质量的途径。     

The impact of prenatal diagnosis on the occurrence of chromosome abnormalities

From the public health point of view, several formal attempts have been made to measure the impact of prenatal diagnosis (PND) on the incidence of Down's Syndrome (DS), but the results have varied widely. The impact of PND (reduction in the birth rate of chromosomally abnormal neonates) is related to utilization rates but quantitative estimates of this have not been established. In a three-year (1981–1983) total population study from Queensland, Australia, we present results to measure the impact of a voluntary PND programme on the birth incidence of DS, and also other chromosomally abnormal births. Utilization rates for the PND service were 15·5 per cent in that population of mothers 35 years and over. Numbers and rates of all cases of chromosomal abnormalities are presented, subclassified by type of diagnosis–-either by PND or by clinical diagnosis after birth. For the total population, 7·3 per cent of cases of DS were detected prenatally, and 15·4 per cent of all chromosome abnormalities. (A method for measuring the impact of PND is described.) Using this in conjunction with our demographic data, we estimate that with a 15 per cent utilization rate of PND by older mothers, 14 per cent of DS births can be prevented in this age group, or a 5 per cent overall reduction can be achieved if mothers of all ages are considered. One index–-the ratio of the percentage of DS births which are preventable compared with the population utilization rates of PND–-has potential for widespread use. Queensland data for this ratio is 0·34, a figure consistent with that from other studies. Thus a 3·5 per cent drop in the overall DS birth rate may be expected for each 10 per cent increase in the utilization rates of PND for mothers of 35 years and over. A diagram is presented which may serve as a model for improved data collection and better impact estimates in the future.     

规模化牲畜养殖场的环境效应及其对策

通过对江苏省2个典型地区的4个生猪养殖场的饲料、牲畜排泄物、土壤、地表水及水土水中养分状况的调查采样与分析，对牲畜规模养殖的环境效应进行了评价。在此基础上，对牲畜养殖排泄物的养分管理与资源化利用提出了建议，并通过对牲畜排泄物中养分状况及作物养分需求状况的分析统计，提出了种植－养殖区域养分平衡管理模式。     

东湖开发区产业布局对环境的影响研究

武汉东湖高新技术开发区是首批国家级高新技术产业开发区之一,产业基础好,发展条件佳.近十年是其经济和社会发展的重要时期,是进行经济结构战略性调整和改革开放的重要时期,也是减轻环境污染和遏制生态恶化趋势的重要时期.但由于开发区建设初期注重经济建设,忽视环境保护,使环境问题日趋严峻.因而,紧紧抓住新世纪的历史机遇,下大力气解决开发区突出的环境问题,调整产业结构,合理产业布局,制定切实可行的生态规划和环保措施迫在眉睫,以期实现长期快速增长,持续、均衡发展.     

断裂带公路边坡变形分析与边坡治理

断裂带工程边坡地质条件复杂,稳定性差,治理工程失效事例已日益引起人们关注,本文以滇中某高速公路在断裂带中的边坡为实例,分析了断裂带边坡变形的原因、治理措施和治理对策。     

不同状态下包气带除氮及阻止氮污染能力的实验研究

通过土柱模拟实验方法对包气带三种状态下，即天然自净、分别向包气带介质中注入营养以及人工培殖的高效脱氮菌，阻止氮污染及除氮能力进行了研究与评价。结果发现向包气带介质中注入人工培殖的高效脱氮菌这种状态具有很强的除氮和阻止氮污染的能力，进而给出了该种状态下细菌脱氮反应动力学模型。为实施利用包气带进行污水除氮和控制面源氮源污提供了科学依据。     

河南淅川银、锑、钒多金属带特征及成因浅析

淅川银、锑、钒多金属矿带是通过1：5万水系沉积物测量、异常检查而后开展矿产评价工作而发现的，赋矿岩石为寒武系底部水沟口组的硅质岩和粘土岩。多金属带以银、锑、钒矿化为主，伴有金、铂钯、稀土等矿化，是在滨-浅海沉积环境中并经后期构造热液活动形成，区域上存在众多的相同相近地质地球化学背景，区域矿产有一定潜力。