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141.
142.
Rice WE 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2004,99(1-3):251-257
A sub-surface desert water harvester was constructed in the sagebrush steppe habitat of south-central Idaho, U.S.A. The desert
water harvester utilizes a buried micro-catchment and three buried storage tanks to augment water for wildlife during the
dry season. In this region, mean annual precipitation (MAP) ranges between about 150–250 mm (6″–10″), 70% of which falls during
the cold season, November to May. Mid-summer through early autumn, June through October, is the dry portion of the year. During
this period, the sub-surface water harvester provides supplemental water for wildlife for 30–90 days, depending upon the precipitation
that year. The desert water harvester is constructed with commonly available, “over the counter” materials. The micro-catchment
is made of a square-shaped, 20 mL. “PERMALON” polyethylene pond liner (approximately 22.9 m × 22.9 m = 523 m2) buried at a depth of about 60 cm. A PVC pipe connects the harvester with two storage tanks and a drinking trough. The total
capacity of the water harvester is about 4777 L (1262 U.S. gallons) which includes three underground storage tanks, a trough
and pipes. The drinking trough is refined with an access ramp for birds and small animals. The technology is simple, cheap,
and durable and can be adapted to other uses, e.g. drip irrigation, short-term water for small livestock, poultry farming
etc. The desert water harvester can be used to concentrate and collect water from precipitation and run-off in semi-arid and
arid regions. Water harvested in such a relatively small area will not impact the ground water table but it should help to
grow small areas of crops or vegetables to aid villagers in self-sufficiency. 相似文献
143.
对城市生活垃圾的分类回收、处理进行了探讨,对完善城市基础设施建设,改善投资环境将起到重要作用。 相似文献
144.
使用CTL—12型化学需氧量速测仪分析废水化学需氧量,简便、快速,且方法可行,完全能满足环境监测技术要求。 相似文献
145.
膜、柱串联固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定水中多环芳烃(PAHs)的研究 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
建立了用膜-柱串联固相萃取(SPE)技术,甲醇和水作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,紫外和荧光检测器串联的高效液相色谱法(HPLC)分析水中EPA优先监控的16种PAHs的方法. 相似文献
146.
针对建筑施工环境噪声扰民问题投诉居高不下,提出环境监理部门要积极宣传环保法律法规,规范举报工作,认真受理投诉,以取得市民的理解与支持;严格审批夜间建筑施工,加大监管力度,做好对夜间施工现场的核查;加强行风建设,通过内强素质,提高自身的业务水平,监督与服务并重;拓展工作思路,加强与建工、公安、市容、市政供电等部门的合作,共同解决噪声扰民问题。 相似文献
147.
Nahanni National Park Reserve is located at southwestern NWT-Yukon border. One of the first UNESCO World Heritage sites, Nahanni lies within Taiga Cordillera and Taiga Shield Ecozones. Base and precious metal mining occurred upstream of Nahanni prior to park establishment. Nahanni waters, sediments, fish, and caribou have naturally elevated metals levels. Baseline water, sediment and fish tissue quality data were collected and analyzed throughout Nahanni during 1988–91 and 1992–97. These two programs characterized how aquatic quality variables are naturally varying in space and time, affected by geology, stream flow, seasonality, and extreme meteorological and geological events. Possible anthropogenic causes of aquatic quality change were examined. Measured values were compared to existing Guidelines and site-specific objectives were established. 相似文献
148.
Economic development and environmental protection: an ecological economics perspective 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
Rees WE 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2003,86(1-2):29-45
This paper argues on both theoretical and empirical grounds that, beyond a certain point, there is an unavoidable conflictbetween economic development (generally taken to mean 'materialeconomic growth') and environmental protection. Think for a moment of natural forests, grasslands, marine estuaries, salt marshes, and coral reefs; and of arable soils, aquifers, mineraldeposits, petroleum, and coal. These are all forms of 'natural capital' that represent highly-ordered self-producing ecosystemsor rich accumulations of energy/matter with high use potential (low entropy). Now contemplate despoiled landscapes, eroding farmlands, depleted fisheries, anthropogenic greenhouse gases,acid rain, poisonous mine tailings and toxic synthetic compounds.These all represent disordered systems or degraded forms of energy and matter with little use potential (high entropy). The main thing connecting these two states is human economic activity. Ecological economics interprets the environment-economyrelationship in terms of the second law of thermodynamics. The second law sees economic activity as a dissipative process. Fromthis perspective, the production of economic goods andservices invariably requires the consumption of available energy and matter. To grow and develop, the economynecessarily 'feeds' on sources of high-quality energy/matter first produced by nature. This tends to disorder and homogenizethe ecosphere, The ascendance of humankind has consistently been accompanied by an accelerating rate of ecological degradation, particularly biodiversity loss, the simplificationof natural systems and pollution. In short, contemporary political rhetoric to the contrary, the prevailing growth-oriented global development paradigm is fundamentally incompatible with long-term ecological and social sustainability. Unsustainability is not a technical nor economic problem as usually conceived, but rather a state of systemic incompatibilitybetween a economy that is a fully-contained, growing, dependent sub-system of a non-growing ecosphere. Potential solutions fly inthe face of contemporary development trends and cultural values. 相似文献
149.
Kakulu SE 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2003,89(3):233-242
Cadmium, copper, lead, nickel and zinc concentrations were analysed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry in surface soil and tree bark from different districts of Abuja, Nigeria, in order to determine the atmospheric trace metal input in the area.Elevated concentrations of some of the studied metals were observed in the soil and tree bark samples from the commercial/high traffic areas of the city compared to backgroundvalues. In soil samples, the average concentration of the metals were 0.6±0.4, 18.0±4.0, 281±39, 16±4 and66±23 g g-1 dry weight for Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni and Zn, respectively, whilst the average concentrations in tree bark were 0.3±0.2, 12±4, 133±32, 13±3 and 61±10 g g-1 dry weight for Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni and Zn, respectively. The trend in trace metal levels suggested that automobile emissions are a major source of these metals as the highest concentrations of Pb and Zn were recorded in the commercial areas of the city known for their high traffic densities. The levels of metal in the study area were relativelylow compared to levels found in some larger and older cities in various countries worldwide. 相似文献
150.
Llansó RJ Dauer DM Vølstad JH Scott LC 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2003,81(1-3):163-174
The Chesapeake Bay benthic index of biotic integrity (B-IBI) was developed to assess benthic community health and environmental quality in Chesapeake Bay. The B-IBI provides Chesapeake Bay monitoring programs with a uniform tool with which to characterize bay-wide benthic community condition and assess the health of the Bay. A probability-based design permits unbiased annual estimates of areal degradation within the Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries with quantifiable precision. However, of greatest interest to managers is the identification of problem areas most in need of restoration. Here we apply the B-IBI to benthic data collected in the Bay since 1994 to assess benthic community degradation by Chesapeake Bay Program segment and water depth. We used a new B-IBI classification system that improves the reliability of the estimates of degradation. Estimates were produced for 67 Chesapeake Bay Program segments. Greatest degradation was found in areas that are known to experience hypoxia or show toxic contamination, such as the mesohaline portion of the Potomac River, the Patapsco River, and the Maryland mainstem. Logistic regression models revealed increased probability of degraded benthos with depth for the lower Potomac River, Patapsco River, Nanticoke River, lower York River, and the Maryland mainstem. Our assessment of degradation by segment and water depth provided greater resolution of relative condition than previously available, and helped define the extent of degradation in Chesapeake Bay. 相似文献