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11.
南方农村集约化养猪场污染及其防治 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
应用生态农业原理,分析了集约化养猪场的主要环境污染问题,并厚得种养有限公司大型养猪场所采用的“三段利用两步净化”方法工艺流程及其环境经济效益进行了剖析。 相似文献
12.
Repeated fertilization of forests to increase biomass production is an environmentally controversial proposal, the effects
of which we assessed on breeding birds in stands of young Norway spruce (Picea abies), in an intensively managed forest area in southern Sweden. Our results show that fertilized stands had 38% more species
and 21% more individuals than unfertilized stands. Compared with stands under traditional management, the further intensification
of forestry by repeated applications of fertilizers thus seemed to enhance species richness and abundance of forest birds.
We cannot conclude at this stage whether the response in the bird community was caused by changes in food resources or increased
structural complexity in the forest canopy due to the skid roads used for the application of the fertilizers. Future studies
should focus on structural and compositional effects of fertilization processes during the entire rotation period and at assessing
its effects in a landscape context. 相似文献
13.
Lynne M. Rochette Author Vitae Kristen A. Conner Author Vitae Author Vitae 《Journal of Safety Research》2009,40(5):353-358
Objective
To describe traumatic brain injury (TBI) among injured roadway users. Aim 1 assessed the association of age, gender, alcohol/drug use, safety equipment use, type of roadway user, metropolitan area, and primary payer with motor vehicle-related TBI outcome. Aim 2 assessed the relationship of motor vehicle-related TBI and risk/protective factors with medical and economic outcomes.Methods
Population-level hospital and trauma databases from the Ohio Hospital Association and Ohio Department of Public Safety, respectively, were probabilistically linked for 2003 through 2006. Injured roadway users (motor vehicle occupants, motorcyclists, bicyclists, pedestrians, and others) were assessed for TBI, ventilator use, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, injury severity score (ISS), need for rehabilitation, death, and total hospital charges.Results
The odds of a motor vehicle-related TBI were greater among those not using safety equipment (OR = 1.56). The interactions of alcohol/drug use by gender and of alcohol/drug use by location were significant. Sustaining a TBI increased the odds of requiring ventilation (OR = 3.66), being admitted to the ICU (OR = 2.51), having a high ISS (OR = 4.24), requiring rehabilitation (OR = 2.22), or death (OR = 2.52). When compared with a non-TBI, total hospital charges increased by a factor of 1.35 for a TBI. Hospital charges were $46,441 on average for individuals who sustained a TBI, whereas mean hospital charges were $32,614 for patients with a non-TBI.Conclusions
Among injured roadway users, individuals who sustain a TBI are more likely to require extensive medical care and have injuries resulting in death.Impact on industry
Prevention strategies aimed at reducing alcohol use and increasing safety device use should be encouraged to reduce the burden of TBI. 相似文献14.
This paper provides examples from the last fifty years of scientific and technological innovations that provide relatively easy, quick and affordable means of addressing key water management issues. Scientific knowledge and technological innovation can help open up previously closed decision‐making systems. Four of these tools are discussed in this paper: a) the opportunities afforded by virtual water trade; b) the silent revolution for beneficial use of groundwater; c) salt water desalination; and finally, d) the use of remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS). Together these advances are changing the options available to address water and food security that have been predominant for centuries in the minds of most water decision‐makers. 相似文献
15.
Rapid growth of intensive animal industries in southeast Queensland, Australia, has led to large volumes of animal waste production,
which posses serious environmental problems in the Murray Darling Basin (MDB). This study presents a method of selecting sites
for the safe application of animal waste as fertiliser to agricultural land. A site suitability map for the Westbrook subcatchment
within the MDB was created using a geographic information system (GIS)-based weighted linear combination (WLC) model. The
factors affecting the suitability of a site for animal waste application were selected, and digital data sets derived from
up to 1:50,000 scale maps were acquired. After initial preprocessing, digital data sets were clipped to the size of the delineated
subcatchment boundary producing input factors. These input factors were weighted using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP)
that employed an objectives-oriented comparison (OOC) technique to formulate the pairwise comparison matrix. The OOC technique,
which is capable of deriving factor weight independently, formulated the weight derivation process by making it more logical
and systematic. The factor attributes were classified into multiple classes and weighted using the AHP. The effects of the
number of input factors and factor weighting on the areal extent and the degree of site suitability were examined. Due to
the presence of large nonagricultural and residential areas in the subcatchment, only 16% of the area was found suitable for
animal waste application. The areal extent resulting from this site suitability assessment was found to be dependent on the
areal constraints imposed on each input factor, while the degree of suitability was principally a function of the weight distribution
between the factors. 相似文献
16.
土地的集约利用对社会发展具有重要的意义,研究土地集约利用空间差异可以更有效地提高土地利用水平。根据新一轮土地利用规划大纲要求和各区域土地利用实际,建立土地集约利用评价指标体系,确定土地集约利用评价的计算方法,包括数据的量化、标准化及综合计算模型,最后得出各地区土地集约利用程度。运用上述方法对孝感市建设用地集约利用空间差异进行分析,找出了其土地利用方面的问题和优势,为下一步改造提供依据和方向。 相似文献
17.
我国规模化畜禽养殖业存在的环境问题与防治对策 总被引:67,自引:0,他引:67
近年来,由于我国畜禽养殖业的养殖规模、养殖方式和分布区域发生了巨大的变化,它所带来的环境污染问题总体呈现出总量增加、程度加剧和范围扩大的趋势,归纳了我国规模化畜禽养殖业环境污染的特点,从生产、技术、政策和管理上分析了影响我国畜禽养殖业环境污染的主要因素,并提出了污染防治的对策建议,即借鉴发达国家畜禽养殖业的环境管理经验,以减量化、资源化、无害化及实用、廉价为原则,合理规划、防治结合,努力探索一条具有中国特色的规模化畜禽养殖污染防治道路。 相似文献
18.
Meihua DengSonoko D. Kimura Juhwan LeeMasayuki Hojito Muneoki Yoh 《Agriculture, ecosystems & environment》2011,144(1):330-337
Evaluation of denitrification capacities is necessary to develop a sustainable manure management system in order to reduce NO3− leaching and N2O emissions from agricultural soils. Denitrification rates were measured using the acetylene inhibition technique on intact soil cores from eight Andosols under three different cropping systems in an intensive livestock catchment of central Japan. The N application rates ranged from 200 to 800 kg N ha−1 yr−1. The denitrification rates were highly variable across fields, and were influenced significantly by land uses and manure forms. Compared with upland fields, paddy rice fields had a greater denitrification rate up to 1380 and 85 mg N m−2 day−1 in the top 30-cm soil layer during flooding and non-flooding periods, respectively. In upland fields, the maximum value for the top 30-cm soils was 44 mg N m−2 day−1 and most of the rates were less than 10 mg N m−2 day−1. The greater denitrification rates were often associated with slurry application rather than composted dry manure. Overall, denitrification from Andosols in this study displayed a lower capacity than that of non-Andosols. 相似文献
19.
Philippa Douglas Daniela Fecht Deborah Jarvis 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering》2021,15(3):40
20.