Quantitative composition of the defensive secretion ofBledius species (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae: Oxytelinae) is adapted to naturally occurring predators

Summary The adaptation of defensive secretions to their target organisms was examined for the abdominal gland secretions ofBledius furcatus, B. spectabilis andB. arenarius. Therefore the target organisms of the secretion of theseBledius species (i.e. their predators) had to be identified. At the collection sites examined these were the earwigLabidura riparia, the antCataglyphis bicolor, the flyLispe candicans, different carabids of the generaPogonus, Dichirotrichus, Dyschirius, Bembidion andCalathus and the wading birdsHaematopus ostralegus andCalidris alba. The secretion of the abdominal glands contains the toxin ptoluquinone dissolved in either-dodecalactone and 1-undecene (B. furcatus andB. spectabilis) or in octanoic acid and octyloctanoate (B. arenarius). The ratio of these solvents is species-specific. Application experiments using some of the natural insect predators (L. riparia, C. bicolor, Pogonus, Di. gustavii, Dyschirius) revealed that these solvent ratios provided a more effective deterrent than other possible ratios. Thus by combining the solvents in certain ratios, the capability of cuticular penetration and therefore the effectiveness of the defensive secretions are adapted to their natural targets.     

基于主成分回归的整合模型预测重金属混合物毒性

为解决CA和IA模型预测结果共线性的问题,基于主成分回归改进已有整合加和模型ICIM,建立新的混合物整合模型（PCR-IAM）,并预测加和、协同和拮抗相互作用的重金属混合物联合毒性.以混合物实验浓度为因变量,浓度加和与独立作用预测混合物效应浓度的主成分回归为自变量,建立了PCR-IAM模型.以4个二元混合物体系（Ni-Fe、Ni-Pb、Ni-Cd和Ni-Cr）共20条混合物射线的联合毒性（共240个样本点）验证PCR-IAM模型的预测能力.结果表明,所有二元混合物的PCR-IAM模型的决定系数（R²）和留一法（LOO）交叉验证相关系数（Q²）值均大于0.95,表明PCR-IAM模型能够准确预测20条加和效应、协同和拮抗作用混合物的联合毒性.因此,经验数学模型PCR-IAM模型可以准确预测加和效应、协同和拮抗作用混合物毒性,为构建更合理的整合模型及环境混合污染物的风险评估提供可靠的技术手段.     

污水生物处理中微生物的相互协作

从化学、物理和遗传信息三个不同水平,系统介绍了污水生物处理中微生物的相互协作关系,阐述了各个水平的协作机制、应用研究进展以及存在问题     

定量构效关系（QSARs）及替代生物体的应用

对应用定量构效关系及替代生物种间相关方法估算有机污染物的毒性进行了评述，结果表明，对以非反应性毒性机理起主导作用的大量不同的有机污染物，定量构效关系及替代生物种间相关方法预测毒性均非常成功。同时指出了所讨论的每一种方法的优点与不足。     

Thermal Effects of Photon-Phonon Interaction on a Simple Tissue

Summary The thermal effect due to electromagnetic absorption by human tissues is investigated at different frequencies ranging from 10¹–10¹⁶ Hz. Special emphasis is being considered in the microwave band used in wireless communications of the mobile industry. The present work examines basically the thermal effect that arises as the duration of exposure to the electromagnetic radiation and its dosage is increased. Using a computer simulation, a semi-classical model is adopted, were the photon-phonon interaction is mediated by a homogenous sample of identical elements, which are naturally in harmonic modes of vibration. The phonon lifetime is also included in this work. These thermal effects decrease with frequency in conformity with experimental results. This model is then extrapolated to the individual cells of a human tissue and the possible rise in temperature is estimated.     

单侧接触埋置结构与瞬态SH波的动力相互作用——时域边界元分析

应用时域边界元法 ,研究了单侧接触埋置结构与瞬态SH液 (剪切横波 )的动力相互作用 ,当入射SH波足够强时 ,界面会出现局部滑移并假设摩擦遵守库仓定理。笔者从实际情况出发 ,提出了新的数学模型和计算方法 ,计算了埋置矩形结构与瞬态SH波的动力相互作用问题 ,由于对此类问题的深入研究 ,为评估和预测埋置结构在动荷载下的安全性及疲劳寿命提供了重要的理论价值     

EDWARDS AQUIFER EVALUATION: KINNEY COUNTY,TEXAS1

ABSTRACT: The Edwards Aquifer is one of the most studied and most prolific aquifers in the United States. The aquifer is a heavily fractured and faulted carbonate aquifer with transmissivities in excess of 100 ft²/s. The City of San Antonio relies upon the Edwards Aquifer as its sole source for water. Much work has been done on quantifying recharge to the aquifer and discharge from wells and acquiring aquifer characteristics from pumping tests, specific capacity tests, and geophysical logs. Although the aquifer has been well studied in Bexar County, much less is known about the Edwards Aquifer in Kinney County. This is partly due to the lower population within the county (approximately 3,500 people) relative to the eastern counties (Uvalde, Medina, Bexar, Comal, and Hays) and the great distance of Kinney County from high profile discharge areas such as the City of San Antonio and Comal and San Marcos Springs. Three key products resulted from this study: (1) exploratory well drilling and the largest aquifer test in the county that were conducted to evaluate the well yields within a 10,000 acre study area in which a drawdown of 2.5 ft approximately 1.2 miles away was observed while pumping at approximately 4,600 gpm; (2) a recharge estimate for the Edwards Aquifer within Kinney County of approximately 71,382 ac‐ft/yr; and (3) locating the Brackettville Groundwater Divide from an evaluation of ground water flow direction and hydrograph analysis. These results help evaluate the complex hydraulics occurring within Kinney County and aid in development of ground water modeling that will be used in managing the Edwards Aquifer.     

定电位电解法测定烟道内二氧化硫准确性探讨

目前，环境监测部门对烟道内二氧化硫浓度的测定普遍采用定电位电解法来完成，其主要原理是二氧化硫气体在传感器的电解槽内发生氧化还原反应，通过产生的扩散电流确定二氧化硫浓度，此方法快捷、简便，但准确程度却受到多方面因素影响。本文即对影响该方法准确程度的诸多因素做系统分析，并对检测过程应注意的环节做简要说明。     

Nano-sized alumina supported palladium catalysts for methane combustion with excellent thermal stability

Pd/Al₂O₃ catalysts supported on Al₂O₃ of different particle sizes were synthesized and applied in methane combustion. These catalysts were systematically characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), high resolution-transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), high-angle annular dark field-scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM), H₂-temperature-programmed reduction (H₂-TPR), O₂-temperature-programmed oxidation (O₂-TPO), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS). The characterization results indicated that nano-sized Al₂O₃ enabled the uniform dispersion of palladium nanoparticles, thus contributing to the excellent catalytic performance of these nano-sized Pd/Al₂O₃ catalysts. Among them, Pd/Al₂O₃-nano-10 (Pd/Al₂O₃ supported by alumina with an average particle size of 10 nm) showed superior catalytic activity and stability for methane oxidation under harsh practical conditions. It maintained excellent catalytic performance for methane oxidation for 50 hr and remained stable even after harsh hydrothermal aging in 10 vol.% steam at 800°C for 16 hr. Characterization results revealed that the strong metal-support interactions and physical barriers provided by Al₂O₃-nano-10 suppressed the coalescence ripening of palladium species, and thus contributed to the superior sintering resistance of the Pd/Al₂O₃-nano-10 catalyst.     

安徽安庆铜矿床硫的来源及转换机制

安庆铜矿床的硫同位素组成复杂．不能用单一硫源或物理化学条件的变化来解释。本文依据区域成矿地质背景及矿床地质特征，研究了硫从硫源地质体转移到成矿热液中的六种可能机理（模型），并确定了矿床的硫源。