定量构效关系（QSARs）及替代生物体的应用

对应用定量构效关系及替代生物种间相关方法估算有机污染物的毒性进行了评述，结果表明，对以非反应性毒性机理起主导作用的大量不同的有机污染物，定量构效关系及替代生物种间相关方法预测毒性均非常成功。同时指出了所讨论的每一种方法的优点与不足。     

Thermal Effects of Photon-Phonon Interaction on a Simple Tissue

Summary The thermal effect due to electromagnetic absorption by human tissues is investigated at different frequencies ranging from 10¹–10¹⁶ Hz. Special emphasis is being considered in the microwave band used in wireless communications of the mobile industry. The present work examines basically the thermal effect that arises as the duration of exposure to the electromagnetic radiation and its dosage is increased. Using a computer simulation, a semi-classical model is adopted, were the photon-phonon interaction is mediated by a homogenous sample of identical elements, which are naturally in harmonic modes of vibration. The phonon lifetime is also included in this work. These thermal effects decrease with frequency in conformity with experimental results. This model is then extrapolated to the individual cells of a human tissue and the possible rise in temperature is estimated.     

单侧接触埋置结构与瞬态SH波的动力相互作用——时域边界元分析

应用时域边界元法 ,研究了单侧接触埋置结构与瞬态SH液 (剪切横波 )的动力相互作用 ,当入射SH波足够强时 ,界面会出现局部滑移并假设摩擦遵守库仓定理。笔者从实际情况出发 ,提出了新的数学模型和计算方法 ,计算了埋置矩形结构与瞬态SH波的动力相互作用问题 ,由于对此类问题的深入研究 ,为评估和预测埋置结构在动荷载下的安全性及疲劳寿命提供了重要的理论价值     

EDWARDS AQUIFER EVALUATION: KINNEY COUNTY,TEXAS1

ABSTRACT: The Edwards Aquifer is one of the most studied and most prolific aquifers in the United States. The aquifer is a heavily fractured and faulted carbonate aquifer with transmissivities in excess of 100 ft²/s. The City of San Antonio relies upon the Edwards Aquifer as its sole source for water. Much work has been done on quantifying recharge to the aquifer and discharge from wells and acquiring aquifer characteristics from pumping tests, specific capacity tests, and geophysical logs. Although the aquifer has been well studied in Bexar County, much less is known about the Edwards Aquifer in Kinney County. This is partly due to the lower population within the county (approximately 3,500 people) relative to the eastern counties (Uvalde, Medina, Bexar, Comal, and Hays) and the great distance of Kinney County from high profile discharge areas such as the City of San Antonio and Comal and San Marcos Springs. Three key products resulted from this study: (1) exploratory well drilling and the largest aquifer test in the county that were conducted to evaluate the well yields within a 10,000 acre study area in which a drawdown of 2.5 ft approximately 1.2 miles away was observed while pumping at approximately 4,600 gpm; (2) a recharge estimate for the Edwards Aquifer within Kinney County of approximately 71,382 ac‐ft/yr; and (3) locating the Brackettville Groundwater Divide from an evaluation of ground water flow direction and hydrograph analysis. These results help evaluate the complex hydraulics occurring within Kinney County and aid in development of ground water modeling that will be used in managing the Edwards Aquifer.     

定电位电解法测定烟道内二氧化硫准确性探讨

目前，环境监测部门对烟道内二氧化硫浓度的测定普遍采用定电位电解法来完成，其主要原理是二氧化硫气体在传感器的电解槽内发生氧化还原反应，通过产生的扩散电流确定二氧化硫浓度，此方法快捷、简便，但准确程度却受到多方面因素影响。本文即对影响该方法准确程度的诸多因素做系统分析，并对检测过程应注意的环节做简要说明。     

Nano-sized alumina supported palladium catalysts for methane combustion with excellent thermal stability

Pd/Al₂O₃ catalysts supported on Al₂O₃ of different particle sizes were synthesized and applied in methane combustion. These catalysts were systematically characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), high resolution-transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), high-angle annular dark field-scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM), H₂-temperature-programmed reduction (H₂-TPR), O₂-temperature-programmed oxidation (O₂-TPO), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS). The characterization results indicated that nano-sized Al₂O₃ enabled the uniform dispersion of palladium nanoparticles, thus contributing to the excellent catalytic performance of these nano-sized Pd/Al₂O₃ catalysts. Among them, Pd/Al₂O₃-nano-10 (Pd/Al₂O₃ supported by alumina with an average particle size of 10 nm) showed superior catalytic activity and stability for methane oxidation under harsh practical conditions. It maintained excellent catalytic performance for methane oxidation for 50 hr and remained stable even after harsh hydrothermal aging in 10 vol.% steam at 800°C for 16 hr. Characterization results revealed that the strong metal-support interactions and physical barriers provided by Al₂O₃-nano-10 suppressed the coalescence ripening of palladium species, and thus contributed to the superior sintering resistance of the Pd/Al₂O₃-nano-10 catalyst.     

安徽安庆铜矿床硫的来源及转换机制

安庆铜矿床的硫同位素组成复杂．不能用单一硫源或物理化学条件的变化来解释。本文依据区域成矿地质背景及矿床地质特征，研究了硫从硫源地质体转移到成矿热液中的六种可能机理（模型），并确定了矿床的硫源。     

油藏地球化学研究的理论基础与发展趋势

油藏地球化学是一个新兴的地球化学分支学科,是传统的有机和无机地球化学与油藏工程紧密结合的产物。其产生对油气勘探和开发起着重要的作用。本文从油藏非均质性、充注史和流体-岩石相互作用三个方面论述了油藏地球化学研究的理论基础,并简要总结了油藏地球化学近年来的长足发展以及产生的一些新兴研究内容。     

“大气十条”实施对2013—2017年大气气溶胶-辐射相互作用的影响

为应对严重的大气污染问题，我国于2013年颁布并实施了严格的《大气污染防治行动计划》（"大气十条"）.本研究利用在线耦合的区域大气化学传输模型WRF-Chem进行数值模拟，研究了2013—2017年"大气十条"实施期间大气气溶胶-辐射相互作用（Aerosol-Radiation Interaction，ARI）强度的变化及其对空气质量的影响，并量化分析了排放和气象条件变化对气溶胶-辐射相互作用强度变化和空气质量改善的相对贡献.研究发现，"大气十条"实施后ARI对PM_2.5质量浓度的增强效应明显减弱，ARI效应的减弱导致2017年全国平均PM_2.5浓度相较2013年下降了2.7 μg·m^-3，占PM_2.5浓度总降幅的9.1%.在这一过程中污染减排起了主导作用，约占ARI效应减弱导致全国平均PM_2.5浓度下降的88%，气象条件变化的贡献约占12%.在季节尺度上，冬季ARI效应减弱最为明显，使得2017年冬季全国月平均PM_2.5浓度同比2013年下降了12.1%.在区域尺度上，ARI效应的减弱对京津冀区域PM_2.5浓度的影响最为显著，使得2017年该区域平均PM_2.5浓度相较2013年下降了2.8 μg·m^-3，占该区域PM_2.5浓度总降幅的9.9%.2013—2017年，ARI效应对京津冀区域冬季重污染天气的影响程度也明显降低.以2013年1月和2017年1月为例，ARI效应使得这两个月内强霾事件期间区域日平均PM_2.5浓度峰值分别增加了47.6 μg·m^-3和33.7 μg·m^-3.研究表明"大气十条"实施后ARI对PM_2.5质量浓度的增强效应明显减弱，从而进一步推动了全国及重点区域PM_2.5浓度的下降，带来了额外的空气质量改善效益.     

钾素营养对烤烟烟叶品质影响的研究进展

烟草是喜钾作物,增施钾肥可提高烟叶含钾量,提高烟叶的生理活性,提高烟叶内在品质,增加烤烟的抗逆性,提高产量及其质量,烟叶的含钾量直接影响烟叶的香气质、香气量、燃烧性和持火力等.