Analysis of the Capacity of Wellspring Conservation in Limestone Areas of Jinan

Spring water in the city of Jinan comes from the limestone areas. Understanding the capacity of wellspring conservation is a critical point to resume the perennial spewing of the spring water. The vegetation, soil, and other natural and human aspects related to the conservation are studied by using the methods of geographic information systems （GIS）, remote sensing （RS）, and field investigation. In the end, suggestions for administration and planning as well as countermeasures are put forward.     

Residents'''' Willingness to Pay for Improving Air Quality in Jinan, China

Along with the progress of urbanization and environmental deterioration, residents' desire for improved air quality is increasing. In order to quantify an individual's willingness-to-pay (WTP) for improved air quality in Jinan of eastern China, a contingent valuation method (CVM) was employed. A sample of 1,500 residents was chosen on the basis of multistage sampling methods with face-to-face interviews by using a series of hypothetical, open-ended scenario questions which were designed to elicit the respondents' WTP. Results showed that 59.7% of respondents were able to express their WTP and the mean WTP is 100 Chinese Yuan (CNY) per person per year. A probit model on the probability of a positive WTP and a regression model were developed to find the relationship between endogenous variables and WTP. Most parameters in the econometric analysis had the expected sign. Annual household income and expenditure on treating respiratory diseases significantly influence WTP. The rates of positive WTP and the monetary amount are larger for men than for women. Results also showed that people who lived in more polluted areas were willing to pay more for clean air. Unlike developed countries, clean air may only be considered as a public good in China in that more than 40% of respondents had no incentive to bear the costs of attempting to achieve better air quality, which indicates the relatively low environmental consciousness.     

基于鱼类和底栖动物生物完整性指数的济南市水体健康评价

F-IBI（fish index of biological integrity,鱼类生物完整性指数）和B-IBI（benthic-macroinvertebrate index of biological integrity,底栖动物生物完整性指数）在大尺度流域范围内应用较广,但在城市水体中的应用研究较少.为了解F-IBI和B-IBI在城市水体中的适用性,分别于2014年和2015年的5月、8月和10月分6次对济南市水体进行野外采样调查,共设46个采样点（其中,12个采样点位于水库,34个采样点位于河流）,采集底栖动物和鱼类,并测定了23个水环境因子.依据生物物种丰富度、种类个体数量比例、敏感性和耐受性、营养结构、繁殖共位群、物种多样性等功能属性,共计算底栖动物生物参数27个、鱼类生物参数22个.采用箱体图法和累计系数法,分别对河流型水体和水库型水体的生物参数进行筛选.根据百分位数法,共划分健康、较好、一般、较差、极差5个等级.通过Pearson相关性检验法判定鱼类和底栖动物评价结果的一致性.结果表明:①底栖动物总分类单元数、BMWP指数、鱼类物种数、鱼类个体数为河流型水体和水库型水体共同核心参数.②鱼类评价结果显示,健康样点6个、较好样点7个、一般样点9个、较差样点12个、极差样点12个,底栖动物依次分别为6、6、8、17、9个.③F-IBI和B-IBI相关系数为0.56,相关性较为显著.研究显示,济南市南部黄河区、小清河区东部生物完整性较高,城区东部及北部徒骇马颊河区生物完整性较差,鱼类和底栖动物评价结果具有较强的一致性.      

基于遗传算法的济南市水资源优化配置

济南作为全国重点缺水城市之一，水资源短缺已成为制约济南市经济社会可持续发展的瓶颈因素。水资源优化配置作为解决城市水资源短缺的重要手段，对保证整个济南市国民经济的可持续发展起着重要的支撑作用。以水资源优化配置理论为基础，分析了济南市水资源现状，并通过建立模型求解济南市水资源在国民经济各部门的配置。     

城市化过程中水资源可持续利用研究——以济南市为例

基于地理信息系统，建立了济南市水资源数字化图，分析了济南城市化过程中水资源开发利用状况；借助水安全指标体系探讨其存在的问题，结合可持续利用观点，提出济南市水资源合理开发利用的措施，为实现城市的可持续发展以及人口、资源、环境间的和谐发展提供科学的决策依据。     

济南市高校大学生环境意识调查研究

环境意识已经成为国民素质的一个重要标志,大学生的环境意识状况对社会的和谐发展有重要的影响。本文采用问卷调查法,从环境意识、环境态度、环境行为、环境知识和环境教育等方面,从济南市八所本科院校中随机抽取了300名大学生,进行环境意识状况的调查、分析和总结。结果表明：济南市大学生的环境意识总体水平较好,但环保行为滞后;大学生作为一个有知识的特殊群体,环保意识有待提高,环保行为极待加强。针对这些问题。提出了提高大学生环境意识的主要措施。     

基于熵权法的生态脆弱性评价——以济南市为例

以济南市为例,运用熵权法分析方法,建立生态脆弱性评价模型,并对济南市不同地区进行生态脆弱性评价与对比分析。从整体上来看,济南市生态脆弱性表现为从东南到西北,由高到低的形式,主要呈现出南部-中部-北部三个等级。从小尺度上来说,造成济南市生态脆弱性问题的原因又各不相同。大致分为四个类型区:高水平生态脆弱区,有章丘区;较高水平生态脆弱区,包括历城区、长清区和平阴县;中等水平生态脆弱区,包括市中区、历下区、槐荫区和天桥区;较低水平生态脆弱区,包括商河县、济阳区。     

应用模式模拟济南市机动车污染的空间分布

以济南市机动车污染排放实际情况为基础,结合具体的地理、气象等特点,采用ISCST3模式模拟计算了济南市196 km2范围内年均CO 和NOx浓度空间分布,确定出济南市机动车污染较为严重,需要重点控制机动车污染的区域。      

社会发展与环境资源冲突的典型案例——济南市生活垃圾填埋处置场选址问题研究

用冲突分析理论分析了社会发展与环境资源冲突的典型案例——济南市生活垃圾填埋处置场的选址问题,预测了这一冲突的发展,研究设计了解决这一冲突问题的处理方案．     

Protection of urban features during urbanization based on the roles of springs in Jinan

Thirty-seven years since reform and opening up, China has sustained rapid economic growth and urbanization. However, there was inadequate protection of natural, historical, and cultural heritage, especially in the past 17 years, which led to the outcome that urban and rural construction lacked features. To rebuild our urban features during urbanization, and avoid destroying them, we should probe into the reason of lacking features and how to protect them. Therefore, taking Jinan City as an example, this paper explored the crisis and its causes of urban characteristics during the period of rapid urbanization based on discussing roles of spring features, including economic effects, social effects, ecological effects and so on. What is more, this paper listed and analyzed those protection measures taken by Jinan. The results showed that spring groups spewed again and kept for 8 years through those measures, which meant that urban characteristics restored. Thus, Jinan City provides successful and significant reference for other cities in restoring urban features during urbanization construction. Also, the author deemed that cities could recollect their urban features as long as they take reasonable measures.