改性沸石负载纳米β-FeOOH对溶液中Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能

采用恒温水浴法制得纳米β-Fe OOH,将其负载在改性沸石(SMZ)上制得复合材料β-Fe OOH/SMZ。用β-Fe OOH/SMZ吸附溶液中的Cr(Ⅵ)。考察了吸附时间、溶液p H、初始Cr(Ⅵ)质量浓度等因素对其吸附Cr(Ⅵ)效果的影响。实验结果表明:β-Fe OOH/SMZ对Cr(Ⅵ)的最佳吸附时间为5 h,适宜的溶液p H为6.0;随着初始Cr(Ⅵ)质量浓度的增加,β-Fe OOH/SMZ对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附量逐渐增加;在β-Fe OOH/SMZ加入量为5.0 g/L、溶液p H为6.0、初始Cr(Ⅵ)质量浓度为250 mg/L、吸附温度为25℃的条件下,吸附量最高(为22.1 mg/g)。准二级动力学方程适用于描述β-Fe OOH/SMZ对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附过程。该吸附由多个过程共同控制,颗粒内扩散并非唯一控速步骤。Freundlich等温方程比D-R等温方程更适于描述Cr(Ⅵ)在β-Fe OOH/SMZ上的吸附行为,β-Fe OOH/SMZ对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附为多层吸附。     

互花米草入侵对胶州湾湿地土壤磷赋存形态的影响

为探讨互花米草入侵对滨海湿地土壤磷循环的影响,基于时空互易原则,选择胶州湾湿地互花米草区（SA区）和光滩区（MF区）为研究靶区,分析了互花米草入侵后湿地土壤中总磷（TP）、无机磷（IP）及其组分含量的差异性以及影响因素.结果表明,互花米草入侵后湿地土壤中TP （472.70 mg ·kg^-1）和IP （239.00 mg ·kg^-1）平均含量明显高于入侵前光滩区TP （386.19 mg ·kg^-1）和IP （212.68 mg ·kg^-1）含量,增幅分别为22.40%和12.38%.研究区无机磷组分以钙磷（Ca-P）和铁磷（Fe-P）为主,分别占IP的45%~61%和31%~49%.互花米草入侵后,10~30 cm层土壤Ca-P含量显著降低（P<0.05）,7月尤为明显;Fe-P含量显著增加（P<0.05）,0~40 cm土壤层含量高于40~60 cm层（P<0.05）,并且7月在10~40 cm土壤表现出明显富集现象.通过结构方程模型发现互花米草入侵后有机质（OM）对TP和Fe-P有显著正向影响（P<0.01）,标准化路径系数分别为0.775和0.724.入侵后Fe-P对Ca-P有显著负效应（P<0.01）,标准化路径系数为-0.435.结果发现互花米草入侵总体增加了湿地土壤磷含量,同时促进了Ca-P向Fe-P转化,提高了湿地磷的生物利用性.     

Biodegradation of p-cresol by aerobic granules in sequencing batch reactor

The cultivation of aerobic granules in sequencing batch reactor for the biodegradation of p-cresol was studied. The reactor was started with 100 mg/L of p-cresol. Aerobic granules first appeared within one month of start up. The granules were large and strong and had a compact structure. The diameter of stable granules was in the range of 1-5 mm. The integrity coefficient and granules density was found to be 96% and 1046 kg/m³, respectively. The settling velocity of granules was found to be in the range of 2× 10^-2-6× 10^-2 m/sec. The aerobic granules were able to degrade p-cresol upto 800 mg/L at a removal efficiency of 88%. Specific p-cresol degradation rate in aerobic granules followed Haldane model for substrate inhibition. High specific p-cresol degradation rate up to 0.96 g p-cresol/(g VSS. day) were sustained upto p-cresol concentration of 400 mg/L. Higher removal efficiency, good settling characteristics of aerobic granules, makes sequencing batch reactor suitable for enhancing the microorganism potential for biodegradation of inhibitory compounds.     

苏北沿海地区农户耕地利用行为意愿及影响因素分析

随着快速城市化以及农村劳动力转移,长三角区域欠发达地区乡村耕地资源利用呈现新特征,从主体角度开展该区域耕地资源利用研究对乡村治理以及农业高质量发展具有重要影响。以江苏盐城和南通为例,通过问卷调查以及结构方程模型,分析农户耕地资源利用行为意向及影响因素。结果表明：苏北沿海地区不同耕地规模农户的耕地利用行为意向存在显著性差异。农户耕地资源利用行为意愿主要直接受到农户户主个人及家庭特征和耕地资源禀赋特征两个因素影响,政策认知以及技术与资金使用对其产生间接影响且程度较弱。苏北沿海地区乡村治理过程中亟需进一步开展农户分类管理与引导,促进耕地适度规模化经营,加强农户技能与政策培训,探索农业服务新模式,促进耕地资源精准管理、农业高质量发展以及乡村振兴等目标实现。     

基于模糊理论的流域土壤侵蚀量计算

基于土壤可蚀性因子、地形因子、植被覆盖因子等的模糊性、不精确性,运用模糊理论将这些影响因子定义为三角模糊数。在此基础上,通过将确定性USLE模型参数模糊化,建立了流域土壤侵蚀量计算的模糊USLE模型。实例研究表明,以模糊理论计算流域土壤侵蚀量,理论上是可行的,计算结果是可信的。     

基于热减量法2/1樟发射药安全贮存寿命预估

目的 预估2/1樟发射药的安全贮存寿命,建立一种基于加速热减量试验,利用热减量曲线和贝瑟洛特(Berthelot)方程预估其安全贮存寿命的方法。方法 首先对2/1樟发射药分别进行85、95、105、115 ℃下的加速热减量试验,获得样品在各个温度下不同加速时间的热减量数据。然后基于热减量曲线,得到2/1樟发射药在各个温度下的延滞期。最后利用各个温度下的半延滞期,根据Berthelot方程拟合得到2/1樟发射药安全贮存寿命预估模型。结果 根据其安全贮存寿命预估模型计算得到2/1樟发射药在30 ℃下的安全贮存寿命约为50.9 a。结论 预测结果与文献值接近,且试验时间比文献减少了近1/2,验证了该方法的有效性,可为2/1樟发射药或其他发射药的安全贮存寿命预估提供一种可行的技术途径。     

服务业员工安全行为模型构建与实证研究

为探索服务业员工安全行为的影响因素和作用机制,提升服务业安全绩效,本文首先采用结构方程模型方法构建服务业员工安全行为的假设模型;然后采用经过修订的信效度较高的成熟量表,在北京、上海等地的9家五星级酒店进行问卷调查;最后对研究假设进行实证检验,得到服务业员工安全行为的影响因素和作业路径。研究表明:服务安全主体中的服务安全培训、服务设备条件和员工身体状态对安全遵守行为产生直接影响,员工精神状态对安全遵守行为和安全参与行为均有直接影响。服务安全管理中的管理层重视度作用于服务作业流程和设备维护制度,经由服务安全主体影响员工安全行为。     

Rainfall conditions and rainwater harvesting potential in the urban area of Khartoum

Runoff water management is among the inherent challenges which face the sustainability of the development of arid urban centers. These areas are particularly at risk from flooding due to rainfall concentration in few heavy showers. On the other hand, they are susceptible to drought. The capital of Sudan (Khartoum) stands as exemplary for these issues. Hence, this research study aims at investigating the potential of applying rainwater harvesting (RWH) in Khartoum City Center as a potential urban runoff management tool. Rapid urbanization coupled with the extension of impervious surfaces has intensified the heat island in Khartoum. Consequently, increased frequency of heat waves and dust storms during the dry summer and streets flooding during the rainy season have led to environmental, economical, and health problems. The study starts with exposing the rainfall behavior in Khartoum by investigating rainfall variability, number of raindays, distribution of rain over the season, probability of daily rainfall, maximum daily rainfall and deficit/surplus of rain through time. The daily rainfall data show that very strong falls of >30 mm occur almost once every wet season. Decreased intra- and inter-annual rainfall surpluses as well as increased rainfall concentration in the month of August have been taking place. The 30-year rainfall variability is calculated at decade interval since 1941. Increasing variability is revealed with 1981–2010 having coefficients of variation of 66.6% for the annual values and 108.8–118.0% for the wettest months (July–September). Under the aforementioned rainfall conditions, this paper then explores the potential of RWH in Khartoum City Center as an option for storm water management since the drainage system covers only 40% of the study area. The potential runoff from the 6.5 km² center area is computed using the United States Natural Resources Conservation Services method (US-NRCS), where a weighted Curve Number (CN) of 94% is found, confirming dominant imperviousness. Rainfall threshold for runoff generation is found to be 3.3 mm. A 24,000 m³ runoff generated from a 13.1 mm rainfall (with 80% probability and one year return period) equals the drainage system capacity. An extreme rainfall of 30 mm produces a runoff equivalent to fourfold the drainage capacity. It is suggested that the former and latter volumes mentioned above could be harvested by applying the rational method from 18% and 80% rooftops of the commercial and business district area, respectively. Based on the above results, six potential sites can be chosen for RWH with a total roof catchment area of 39,558 m² and potential rooftop RWH per unit area of 0.033 m³. These results reflect the RWH potential for effective urban runoff management and better water resources utilization. RWH would provide an alternative source of water to tackle the drought phenomenon.     

工业废水BOD5与CODCr相关关系以及BOD5测定的简化法

通过研究BOD5与CODCr的相关性,用线性函数BOD5=a+bCODCr的形式进行一元回归,间接求出BOD5或指导BOD5的测定,验证BOD5结果的准确性以及通过对稀释法公式的推导得出简化法的公式,并与稀释法进行比较,结果表明,简化后的方法与稀释法无显著差异,精密度、准确度较好.     

云南省优势矿产尾矿砂捕集及矿化封存CO2潜力分析

为了解云南省尾矿库“两个清单”中保留库的碳减排潜力,使用改进的Steinour方程计算了云南省各州市不同类型尾矿砂的CO₂固定量,根据《IPCC国家温室气体列表指南》中提供的方法计算了云南省2011~2020年碳排放量.结果表明,红河州、玉溪市、昆明市尾矿砂的捕集及矿化封存CO₂的潜力较大,占云南省保留库尾矿砂CO₂矿化封存量的65.79%;铅锌矿、赤泥、锡矿的理论固碳量较高,分别为0.201, 0.173, 0.158t/t,以上3种尾矿砂的固碳量占云南省尾矿砂固碳量的79.45%;若将云南省保留库堆存的尾矿砂全部用于CO₂的矿化封存,可减少2011~2020年间云南省累积碳排放量的2.81%,工业碳累积排放量的3.16%,采矿业碳排放量的12.36%,具有较好的工业应用前景.