云南松林控制坡地侵蚀的机械效应分析

坡面稳定性的机械效应包括土壤加强作用、斜向支撑作用、坡面负荷作用、风力传递和根楔壁作用。试验证明 ,云南松林通过其机械效应加强了林区土壤稳定性 ,提高了土层的抗剪强度。云南松林的机械效应及其作用在土壤侵蚀控制和斜坡保护、滑坡泥石流防治、坡面生态工程应用等方面具有广阔的应用前景。在云南省实践应用中具有较好的可行性     

基于风险评估矩阵的输油管道河流穿越环境风险评估研究

为客观合理地评价油气长输管线穿越河流处的环境风险等级,提出一种基于风险评估矩阵的管道穿越环境敏感点风险评估方法.根据风险矩阵的基本原理,以肯特风险评估方法评估穿越处的管线风险,叠加环境敏感点的自身风险,对管线穿越河流敏感点处进行风险评估与分级.以中国某输油管线为倒,评估管线穿越的6处河流并依据得分结果划分风险等级,对管线穿越河流的风险管理、制定具体的维护维修和整治规划具有很好的指导意义并提供一定的决策支持.     

An evaluation of risk assessment framework for industrial accidents in India

Due to rapid industrialization, with high population density and constraints of land, it is expected that level of risks arising from the hazardous industries will increase in India in the coming decades. However, 30 years after the Bhopal accident (1984), except a few discrete regulations, there is as yet no integrated system for assessing and managing risks arising out of these hazardous industries in India. The gravity of aspects related to the management of industrial risk still remains crucially important. In particular, there is no standard guideline on risk analysis methodology, acceptability or tolerability criteria, nor is there an accident database or a risk reduction strategy for the areas where risk levels are already high. On top of this, there are technical and legislative gaps in the institutional framework to implement any of the above mentioned issues. With the backdrop of the Bhopal gas tragedy, the objective of this paper is therefore to evaluate the effectiveness of a comprehensive risk assessment framework for the emerging economy of India, in order to control and/or to reduce the risk level that exists. In this context, regulations and policies pertaining to industrial risk assessment were reviewed.     

低气压下火焰视频图像特征研究

为了进行非密封飞机机舱内视频火灾探测技术的研究,借助中国科学技术大学QR0-12步入式环境低气压试验舱开展低气压下(100kPa,90kPa,70kPa,50kPa和30kPa)火焰视频图像特征研究。在实验舱中用正庚烷作为可燃物进行点火实验,拍摄火焰视频,研究低气压环境下火焰的颜色、空间变化、运动、相对稳定性、边缘粗糙度、相邻帧火焰区域面积变化率、面积重叠率、相关性特征。实验结果表明,火焰的颜色、空间变化特征不会随气压变化而变化;而火焰动态特征等都会因气压的不同而发生变化。因此,火焰的颜色和空间变化特征在低气压环境中仍可用于火焰区域分割和识别,而其他动态特征会随着气压发生变化,不能用常压下的方法来训练分类模型,但仍可以用以区别火焰和静止的疑似区域。     

飞机货舱低气压环境对火灾探测参量影响研究

旨在为飞机货舱火灾探测系统设计和研制提供理论支撑,在飞机货舱环境模拟实验舱内开展了70kPa、80kPa、90kPa和100kPa下正庚烷火灾实验,分析了低气压环境对顶棚温度、烟气密度和气体浓度火灾探测参量的影响规律。低压下空气密度较小,卷吸系数减小,导致顶棚最高温升增加,顶棚温度衰减变快。同时,低压下烟气密度降低,并与压力呈指数关系,指数系数约为0.946,扩展了前人研究结果的应用范围。CO浓度最大值随压力降低而增加,且CO增长速率与压力呈负指数关系。CO2增长速率随着压力降低而略有减小。     

Low-velocity motor vehicle collision characteristics associated with claimed low back pain

Objective: Up to 50% of individuals involved in low-velocity motor vehicle collisions report low back pain (LBP). A major limitation in such cases is the lack of knowledge of injury mechanisms linking the collision characteristics to the pain and pathology associated with LBP reporting. Thus, the objective of this investigation was to characterize the physical circumstances of low-velocity motor vehicle collisions that resulted in claims of LBP.

Methods: Eighty-three forensically assessed cases were analyzed to identify specific collision and claimant characteristics.

Results: Seventy-seven percent of reviewed cases involved a claim of LBP. Of these LBP claim cases, 70% of cases involved a rear-end collision configuration, and 40% of all cases were low-velocity collisions, with severities ranging between 10 and 12?km/h. The most common pre-existing medical condition was prior LBP or evidence of disc degeneration.

Conclusions: The results of this investigation provide knowledge of collision characteristics that can be employed in future studies on the mechanisms of low back injury in low-speed motor vehicle collisions.     

长江干线中下游溢油应急设备点选址优化

为优化长江干线中下游溢油应急设备点选址,建立溢油应急需求水域风险评价体系,采用云模型对其评价,进而构建以加权距离最小为目标的溢油应急设备点选址模型。采用自适应差分进化算法(Adaptive Differential Evolution,ADE)对其求解。将模型应用于九江港的溢油应急设备点选址,最终解算选址于瑞昌港区及彭泽港区,此评估结果与九江港实际规划相符。     

基于三维空间插值技术的某场地中总石油烃污染分布确定

为了解总石油烃在场地中的扩散分布规律,立体呈现其污染分布特征,选择华北某污染场地为研究对象,分层采集土壤样品并采用三维空间插值软件EVS-Pro建立地质模型和污染插值模型,对C16总石油烃(脂肪族)(以下简称总石油烃)分布特征进行分析。结果表明:不同采样点位污染物浓度分布差异明显,总石油烃最高值是DB11/T 811—2011《场地土壤环境风险评价筛选值》的11.71倍;场地内污染物表现出较强的垂直和水平迁移能力,在空间中的迁移分布特征与生产历史状况、水文地质条件密切相关。研究表明,通过三维插值模型构建的插值结果可以更加直观地呈现污染分布,更好地反映各因素对总石油烃分布的影响。     

某农药厂废弃场地六六六和滴滴涕污染分布特征及风险评价

研究了某农药厂废弃场地土壤中六六六（α,β,γ,δ-HCH）和滴滴涕（p,p＇-DDT,o,p＇-DDT,p,p＇-DDD,p,p＇-DDE）的污染分布特征,并对其进行了风险评价.从该场地72个点位的0～400 cm深度土壤中共采集了232个样品,分析表明六六六残留含量为2.6～80 130μg/kg,滴滴涕残留含量为...     

水钠锰矿对几种重金属离子的吸附及其与锰氧化度和吸附位点的关系

矿物表面的吸附位点类型与数量决定了其对重金属离子的吸附特性,但氧化锰矿物的结构变化对表面位点,以及吸附特性的影响并不清楚.本研究通过X-射线衍射（XRD）、X-射线光电子能谱（XPS）、等温吸附等技术和方法对比分析了不同锰氧化度（AOS）酸性水钠锰矿对Pb2＋、Cu2＋、Zn2＋、Cd2＋的吸附特点,并探讨了水钠锰矿锰...