全球气候监测业务系统简介

本文重点介绍了国家气象中心实施减灾战略之一的一项重要基础业务一,全球气候监测业务系统。同时指出加强多学科监测的合作研究是加速认识气候变化规律的重要途径。     

眉县汤峪热水资源过量开采及减灾对策

通过对眉县汤峪热水资源过量开采的讨论，指出由此造成地下热水自然平衡失调，引起地下水位下降，自然出露泉点相继断流；同时针对热水资源不能充分利用，以及对用不完的热水资源让其白白流失的严重浪费现象，提出了减轻热水资源损失的根治对策。     

县级生态示范区建设的几点思考

文章分别从内容、对策和措施、实施主体等三方面全面论述了生态示范县建设的内涵,分析了海安县建设生态示范县的重要性,结合海安县实际,突出海安特色,探讨了建设生态示范县的重点应放在生态农业建设、生态工业建设、生态城镇建设、农村五禁工程、生态文化建设等上,提出了相应的行政、法律、经济、技术保障措施以推动示范县的建成.     

关于建设重庆市黔江生态区的思考

建设生态城市是时代所趋，本文探讨了建设重庆市黔江生态区的必要性与可行性，提出了建设目标与思路，明确了战略与重点，并以提高认识，统一规划，优惠政策，加强环保，依靠科技，增大投入，依法治区，突出重点，强化宣教，加强领导，严格考核等方面提出了对策，这对于建设生态区，生态城市具有现实意义。     

石油化工建设项目环境影响评价中应注意的问题

我国是最早实施环境评价制度的发展中国家之一，建设项目的环境影响评价作为一项法律制度在我国已实施了20多年。根据实际工作经验，总结了在石油化工建设项目的环评工作中应注意的一些问题。     

提高水资源利用率建设节水型城市

水资源的紧缺和污染已成为我国国民经济发展的一个制约因素。面对这一严峻形势,必须实行水资源的统一规划与管理,把用水问题,特别是将节水工作纳入社会经济发展规划,建立与健全相应的规章制度,认真贯彻开源节流并重方针,加强节水的科学管理,全面开展节水工作。     

盘锦市地面水环境污染现状及防治措施

本文重点叙述了盘锦地区由于油、气的开采，石化工业的迅速发展，新老工业污染源对环境、特别是水的污染问题．目前辽河下游水质超过地面水三类标准，近海海域也受到污染，水生生态遭到破坏．为了控制污染，改善生态环境，本文对在石油开采时的溢油事故提出了有针对性的防治措施．     

拉萨城市环境噪声污染及其综合防治对策

针对道路交通、社会生活和建筑施工等噪声污染特点,对拉萨城市特有的环境噪声污染源进行了综合分析,并结合拉萨城市的发展实际,提出了噪声污染的综合防治对策,为有关部门环境管理及其决策提供借鉴.     

我国固体废弃物监管模式建设对策初探

我国固体废弃物的产生量在迅速增加,成为制约社会经济持续发展的瓶颈问题。通过研究与固废相关的国际公约,比较发达国家之间不同的固废监管模式,并指出我国现行的监管模式存在责任不当、职责不清等问题。在借鉴发达国家先进经验基础上,提出我国可借助《巴塞尔公约》等国际公约来约束固废的跨界转移,从源头开始控制固废的产生,并控制固体废物的转移运输,加强固废监管能力建设,健全法律体系,加强监管协调,采用市场手段、宣传手段,让社会企业参与政府部门的固废管理和组织工作,把固废回收、处理的责任从政府转移到具体的企业上,降低处理成本,提高处理技术。     

Integrated assessment of promising measures to decrease nitrogen losses from agriculture in EU-27

Following the recognition of the detrimental effects of nitrogen (N) losses from agriculture in the European Union (EU) on human health and environment, series of environmental policy measures have been implemented from the early 1990s onwards. However, these measures have only been partially successful. Clearly, there is lack of integration of available measures and there is lack of enforcement and hierarchy; which measures should be implemented first? We identified and assessed three ‘most promising measures’ to decrease N losses from agriculture, i.e., (i) balanced fertilization, (ii) low-protein animal feeding, and (iii) ammonia (NH₃) emissions abatement measures. Environmental-economic assessments were made using scenario analyses and the modeling tools MITERRA-EUROPE and CAPRI.In the baseline scenario (business as usual), N use efficiency (NUE) in crop production increases from 44% in 2000 to 48% in 2020, while total N losses decrease by 10%. Implementation of promising measures increases NUE further to 51–55%, and decreases NH₃ emissions (by up to 23%), nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions (by up to 10%) and N leaching losses (by up to 35%). Differences in responsiveness to promising measures varied between and within Member States. Strict implementation of balanced fertilization in nitrate vulnerable zones, as defined in the Nitrates Directive, decreases total farmers’ income in EU-27 by 1.7 billion euros per year. Implementation of all three measures decreases farmers income by 10.8 and total welfare by 17 billion euros per year, without valuing the environmental benefits.The study presented here is one of the first EU-wide integrated assessments of the effects of policy measures on all major N losses from agriculture and their economic costs. Our results show that the most promising measures are effective in enhancing NUE and decreasing NH₃ and N₂O emissions to the atmosphere and N leaching to groundwater and surface waters, but that income effects are significant. The order of implementation of the measures is important; NH₃ emissions abatement measures must be implemented together with balanced N fertilization.