COD与TOC测定方法的比较

系统地对比了 COD和 TOC 两种水中有机污染指标测定方法原理,得出了 TOC 在直接代表水质有机污染、氧化有机物完全、产生二次污染物少、测定时间短和消耗劳动力少等方面优于 COD 的结论,并分析了 TOC 取代 COD 的难点和趋势。     

变形监测在大跨浅埋公路隧道安全施工中的应用研究——以茅山隧道为例

介绍了当前隧道发展的前景、隧道变形监测在施工中的重要意义以及隧道监测技术的研究现状,以茅山西隧道的变形监测(主要为地表沉降、拱顶下沉、水平收敛、围岩压力、二衬内力)研究为例,说明变形监测在保证隧道安全施工的重要作用.     

From data and theory to environmental models and indices formation

A prerequisite for environmental indices is that they represent environmental pressure, and the state of, and impact on environmental conditions. In other words, they should capture as much as possible of the cause-effect chains they represent and relate pressure and effect to criteria of environmental quality. The approach proposed in the article attempts to link the pressure–state–impact–response framework of indicators to the integrated environmental model, based on the method of response function (MRF). The MRF allows to construct purposeful, credible models from data and prior knowledge or information. The data are usually time series observations of system inputs and outputs, and sometimes of internal states. The output of such models is presented with highly aggregated environmental indices, reflecting the main pressure–state–impact–response cause-effect chains. The proposed approach is illustrated with the example of soil erosion indices.     

Estimation of Methyl tert -Butyl Ether Plume Length Using the Domenico Analytical Model

Methyl tert -butyl ether (MTBE) plume is controlled by many factors, primarily by groundwater flow velocity, dispersion, natural attenuation. This study employed an analytical model introduced by Domemico (1987, J. Hydrol 91 , 49-58.) to describe the MTBE concentration distribution horizontal pattern and estimated the MTBE plume length. The model was applied to 90 leaking underground storage tank cases in Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A. The analytical model was calibrated with field data for each ease using a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet program. Methyl tert -butyl ether concentrations in one source monitoring well and one to two downgradient centerline monitoring wells were used for each case study. When the centerline well is not available, the closest off-centerline wells were projected to the centerline using an ellipse trigonometry method. The model parameter values for longitudinal dispersivity, groundwater velocity, and degradation rate constant were calibrated using the field data and then used to estimate the maximum distance between source well and the plume edge. This study demonstrates that the Domenico model can be applied to MTBE plume investigation when adequate field data are available. The correlation coefficients calculated based on the results of the 90 case studies indicate that MTBE plume length has a poor correlation with MTBE concentration at the source well, and a moderate negative correlation with the degradation rate constant ( m 0.65) and u / v ratio (0.64). Furthermore, MTBE plume length has a poor correlation with the longitudinal dispersivity ( m 0.4), hydraulic gradient ( m 0.1), and groundwater velocity (0.17).     

森林水源涵养价值核算方法评述与实例研究

针对森林水源涵养价值内涵理解不同,不同方法核算结果差异迥然的现象,总结现有方法深入分析其内涵,并选取5种方法进行实例计算。结果表明:黄土高原区两个小流域方法间核算结果差异显著,其中以纸坊沟为例,综合蓄水能力法、当量法、水量平衡法Ⅰ及降水储存量法Ⅰ所得价值最高可相差1.5×10⁶元,而南方女儿寨小流域同比相差最高为2×10⁵元,且三个流域利用水量平衡法Ⅱ计算所得结果皆出现反常现象。分析表明:降水储存量法Ⅰ与水量平衡法Ⅰ内涵接近,反映实际水源涵养价值;综合蓄水能力法则反映潜在水源涵养价值,在干旱半干旱地区可能出现实际蓄水能力低于理论值,实际价值与潜在价值相差较大的情况;水量平衡法Ⅱ计算公式无法代表其所期望反映的内涵,建议选用土壤蓄水能力法替代。     

环境空气质量新标准对“十二五”目标完成的影响

十二五"期间全国PM_(10)浓度陡增导致了达标城市比例降低,影响了《国家环境保护"十二五"规划》空气质量指标的完成。通过对PM_(10)浓度时间和空间变化分析,得出《环境空气质量标准》(GB3095-2012)的逐步实施对全国PM_(10)浓度的异常变化有着显著影响。新标准的发布施行,促进了PM_(10)监测仪器和方法更新升级,大幅收严了监测数据统计的有效性,提升了监测数据的质量控制水平,从主观和客观上更加有效的提高了监测数据的精度。     

固相微量萃取技术

固相微量萃取（ＳＰＭＥ）法是一种新颖的样品处理方法。该文较详细地介绍了此法的原理、操作和应用等，并比较了此法与其它几种样品处理方法的优缺点。ＳＰＭＥ法的特点是简便、快速、灵敏、实用、经济、而且不会造成两次污染，有很好的发展前途。     

3.29京沪高速液氯泄漏事故应急监测方法选择和效果评述

介绍了“3.29”液氯泄漏污染事故应急监测过程中确立监测方案和科学选择监测方法以及取得的为事故处理指挥部提供优质快速的技术支持和服务的效果。     

餐饮行业污水中磷的测定方法改进

测定污水中磷时,特别是餐饮行业污水,消解后浊度大,文章对利用活性炭脱色进行了实验研究.     

基于 Monte Carlo 方法的锅炉烟尘烟气测量不确定度评定

采用蒙特卡罗方法模拟计算了锅炉燃烧排放的烟尘、烟气的折算排放浓度、排放速率的相对标准不确定,给出了各个输入量的相对标准不确定度分量。依据模拟计算结果对锅炉烟尘、烟气测量不确定度评定的数学模型进行了简化,探讨了采用灵敏度公式评定烟尘、烟气测量结果的合成不确定度中应当注意的问题,为锅炉燃烧排放的烟尘、烟气测量不确定的评定提供了依据。