水中铅的测定——流动注射氢化物原子吸收光谱法

目前水质分析部门对测定水中铅一般采用双硫腙比色法和原子吸收光谱法这两种方法,但都需要萃取、分离富集等繁琐的操作手段,分析时间长,用样品量大,有机溶剂污染环境等弊端。本文采用流动注射、氢化物原子吸收测定铅,它具有分析速度快、灵敏度等优点,回收率在95%-102%。     

L-半胱氨酸预还原-氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定水中的锑

在稀H：sO。介质中,以L-半胱氨酸作预还原剂,用氢化物发生-原子荧光光谱法测定水中的锑。L-半胱氨酸的存在,改善了氢化物发生条件和增敏光谱测定信号,当在低酸度下发生锑的氢化物时,过渡金属离子的干扰显著地得到了抑制,灵敏度提高,方法的检出限为0．13μg／L,回收率为92．5％～106．5％。     

Releases of phosphate fertilizer industry in the surrounding environment: Investigation on heavy metals and polomum-210 in soil

Distribution of Cu,Zn,Pb,Cr,Ni,Mn concentrations and the activity of polonium-210 in the surrounding area of a phosphate fertilizer industry located on the eastern coast of the Mediterranean Sea has been determined.Nineteen sampling sites were distributed around the industrial zone on a surface area of about 100,000 m2.Atomic absorption spectroscopy and Alpha spectroscopy were used to quantify the heavy elements and polonium-210,respectively.Investigation on a particle scale was conducted by TEM and SEM coupled to EDX and X-ray cartography to determine the nature of heavy elements carders and their distribution.Heavy elements were mainly concentrated inside the particle size fraction ＜ 50μm.Their levels decreased with distance increasing from the industry.According to the reference soil,enrichment factors were about 10,15,32 and 100 times for Zn,Pb,Cu,and Cr,respectively inside the particle size fraction ＜ 50 μm on the closest sites to the industry.The main contaminant sources were transport and storage of row materials and the free release of phosphogypsum waste.Heavy elements were entrapped inside agglomerates of sulfates,phosphates and iron oxihydroxides in a diffused shape.Polonium-210 with an enrichment factor of about 56,showed the same behavior of the spatial distribution of the trace elements.     

吹扫捕集-气相色谱-质谱法测定水中环氧氯丙烷的不确定度评定

依照《测量不确定度评定与表示》,对吹扫捕集-气相色谱-质谱法测定水中环氧氯丙烷的结果进行不确定度评定。通过评定可知标准曲线配制过程所引入的相对不确定度最大,吹扫捕集-气相色谱-质谱法测定模拟水样中环氧氯丙烷结果为（78±21）μg/L。     

海洋生物样品中多溴联苯醚和多溴联苯的分析研究

将气相色谱-负离子化学源／质谱法(GC-NCI/MS)应用于分析海洋生物中五种多溴联苯醚(PBDEs)和五种多溴联苯(PBBs)残留.样品以正己烷／丙酮(1:l,v/v)作为提取剂,采用超声萃取法,提取液经酸性硅胶和中性硅胶层析柱净化和正己烷洗脱后,以PCB-103为内标物和GC-NCI/M的选择离子监测方式(SIM)...     

顶空-气相色谱/质谱法测定土壤中挥发性有机物

本方法采用静态顶空进样技术对土壤样品进行处理,利用气相色谱质谱联用对土壤中挥发性有机物(37种)进行了测定分析,通过测定得到最低检出浓度为0.39～1.76μg/kg;加标回收率为69.8%～110.2%;RSD为3.1%～10%。本实验分析时间短,操作简单,灵敏及测定结果较为满意。     

氢化物发生原子荧光光度法分析空气中铅

为提高空气中铅分析的灵敏度,采用氢化物发生原子荧光分析方法进行空气中铅的测量.分别采用微波加热方法和湿式消解法对样 品进行了预处理,对两种消解方法进行了比较,并探讨了样品前处理过程对分析的影响;对影响氢化物发生效率的各种实验条件,包括增敏剂、酸介质及氢化物发生体系中各物质浓度等,以及原子荧光分析仪器的条件参数进行了优化...     

Selenium speciation in flue desulfurization residues

Flue gas from coal combustion contains significant amounts of volatile selenium (Se). The capture of Se in the flue gas desulfurization (FGD) scrubber unit has resulted in a generation of metal-laden residues. It is important to determine Se speciation to understand the environmental impact of its disposal. A simple method has been developed for selective inorganic Se(IV), Se(VI) and organic Se determination in the liquid-phase FGD residues by hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry (AFS). It has been determined that Se(IV), Se(VI) and organic Se can be accurately determined with detection limits (DL) of 0.05, 0.06 and 0.06 g/L, respectively. The accuracy of the proposed method was evaluated by analyzing the certified reference material, NIST CRM 1632c, and also by analyzing spiked tap-water samples. Analysis indicates that the concentration of Se is high in FGD liquid residues and primarily exists in a reduced state as selenite (Se(IV)). The toxicity of Se(IV) is the strongest of all Se species. Flue gas desulfurization residues pose a serious environmental risk.     

自动消解仪-火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定土壤中的总铬

本文研究了自动消解仪在土壤前处理时的条件,成功地将该方法应用于火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定标准样品及土壤样品中的总铬。     

基于溶解性有机物分子指纹特征解析城市河道污染来源与机制

溶解性有机物(DOM)是河道污染物的重要组成部分,是构成黑臭的主要原因.在我国城市黑臭水体治理攻坚新形势下,针对广泛存在的复合污染源信息不明确的难题,进一步从分子层面解析河道DOM成分是深入探究河道污染来源、成因和形成机制,从而实现高效治理的关键环节.以某大型城市的中心城区河道作为研究对象,分别选取了受4个分流制和合流制排水系统的放江污水严重影响的共5个河道断面,应用傅里叶变换离子回旋共振质谱(FT-ICR-MS)分别对各点位旱天和雨天时的表层水和沉积物样品中DOM分子式、元素组成和群组成分进行全谱解析与数据分析.结果表明：(1)城市河道DOM虽然以CHO和木质素类化合物为主,但人为源有机物(脂肪类和蛋白质类化合物)以及CHOS等杂原子化合物的较高占比揭示了河道受人为污染的现状,同时带来DOC、 TN和NH⁺₄-N的升高;(2) C₁₇H₂₈O₃S和C₁₈H₃₀O₃S等表面活性剂类化合物普遍存在于所有城市河道中,...