泸州市城市空气自然降尘和硫酸盐化速率的探讨

本文以1992－2001年泸州市城市空气质量数据为依据，指出了该市自然降尘和硫酸盐化速率的变化规律，并对防治对策进行了探讨。     

大气颗粒物对人体健康影响的研究情况

本文对大气粒状污染物的成分、流行病学研究及防治对策进展进行了介绍。     

Nigerian Supreme Court and ownership of offshore oil

This article discusses the decision of the Supreme Court of Nigeria on the constitutional provision dealing with the sharing of revenues derived from natural resources located within the states of the Federation, the ‘derivation principle.’ Although the case relates to the interpretation of a constitutional provision, the arguments of the parties suggest that the real battle was — and still is — about the ownership and control of Nigeria's offshore oil. The article details the legal history and precedents as well as constitutional provisions relevant to the case. Disagreements arose over legal questions such as the seaward boundaries of littoral states (from which oil revenues are derived), and whether a distinction can be made between offshore and onshore oil revenues in applying a 13% constitutionally prescribed derivation principle. The article shows that, in its judgment, Nigeria's Supreme Court relied heavily on rules of international law, while failing to apply existing Nigerian laws and constitutional provision, and argues that the decision might have been different had the court investigated and invoked the legislative history of the provision in question, as required in Nigerian law. Furthermore, it is argued that the court was wrong to disregard the provision of the law which had abolished any distinction between onshore and offshore natural resources in the application of the derivation principle. The article concludes that the legal tug of war is set to continue for some years.     

Carbon storage potential in natural fiber composites

The environmental performance of hemp based natural fiber mat thermoplastic (NMT) has been evaluated in this study by quantifying carbon storage potential and CO₂ emissions and comparing the results with commercially available glass fiber composites. Non-woven mats of hemp fiber and polypropylene matrix were used to make NMT samples by film-stacking method without using any binder aid. The results showed that hemp based NMT have compatible or even better strength properties as compared to conventional flax based thermoplastics. A value of 63 MPa for flexural strength is achieved at 64% fiber content by weight. Similarly, impact energy values (84–154 J/m) are also promising. The carbon sequestration and storage by hemp crop through photosynthesis is estimated by quantifying dry biomass of fibers based on one metric ton of NMT. A value of 325 kg carbon per metric ton of hemp based composite is estimated which can be stored by the product during its useful life. An extra 22% carbon storage can be achieved by increasing the compression ratio by 13% while maintaining same flexural strength. Further, net carbon sequestration by industrial hemp crop is estimated as 0.67 ton/h/year, which is compatible to all USA urban trees and very close to naturally, regenerated forests. A comparative life cycle analysis focused on non-renewable energy consumption of natural and glass fiber composites shows that a net saving of 50 000 MJ (3 ton CO₂ emissions) per ton of thermoplastic can be achieved by replacing 30% glass fiber reinforcement with 65% hemp fiber. It is further estimated that 3.07 million ton CO₂ emissions (4.3% of total USA industrial emissions) and 1.19 million m³ crude oil (1.0% of total Canadian oil consumption) can be saved by substituting 50% fiber glass plastics with natural fiber composites in North American auto applications. However, to compete with glass fiber effectively, further research is needed to improve natural fiber processing, interfacial bonding and control moisture sensitivity in longer run.     

基于GIS危险废物管理信息系统研究

重庆市每年产生大量的危险废物，直接威胁重庆市的水资源和生态环境，因此，进行有效的危险废物管理十分重要。本文主要介绍了基于GIS危险废物管理信息系统的设计，将危险废物、计算机技术和GIS技术相结合，为危险废物管理提供快捷、方便、科学的管理和决策支持。该系统包括数据输入、数据查询、数据库管理和维护、模型库、决策支持等子系统。该系统具有界面友好、操作方便、实用等特点，必将在重庆市危险废物管理方面起到重要作用。     

试论我国环境税制的完善

在商品经济高度发达的今天,环保事业也逐步走向市场。越来越多的国家开始重视运用经济手段来解决环境危机问题,环境税就是其中倍受青睐的一种手段。我国目前虽已意识到环境税的重要性,但环境税仍是极其薄弱的环节。本文试从分析我国环境税的现状着手,参考国外的先进经验,对完善我国环境税制提出几点建议。     

从安全生产管理体制到安全生产运行机制

“企业负责 ,行业管理 ,国家监察 ,群众监督”的安全生产宏观管理体制的确定 ,对我国安全生产工作起到了积极的促进作用。但是 ,随着我国改革开放的不断深入和市场经济体制的建立 ,该管理体制的概念和内容已不能适应当前形势发展的需要。为此 ,笔者建议使用“安全生产运行机制”的概念代替“安全生产管理体制”的概念 ,并提出我国应该建立和完善“国家监督 ,部门负责 ,企业自律 ,职工维权 ,中介服务”的安全生产运行新机制。     

试谈职业安全健康、环境、质量三个管理体系的整合与一体化

ISO9000、ISO4000、OSHAS18000三大管理体系的建立、认证和持续改进,已成为现代企业的管理水平和持续发展能力的重要标志。特别是我国入世后。企业能否在全球经贸活动中生存、竞争、发展、质量(Q)、环境(E)及职业安全健康(OSH)问题已成为不可回避的难点;也是必须克服的重要障碍。在QMS、EMS、OSHAS三大管理体系推行、建立、认证和持续改进的实践中,无论是企、事业单位(组织或用人单位)、咨询及认证机构,还是政府主管部门,可能都在深思,怎样才能减少三大管理体系建立中的交叉、重叠、重复、资源(人、才、物)浪费。管理效率、效益不高的问题。笔者提出了QMS、EMS、OSHAS三大管理体系整合及其一体化的问题;探讨了整合与一体化的背景和良好条件;分析了整合与一体化面临的困难,给出了整合与一体化管理体系建立的建议;展望了现代企业管理及其体系整合一体化的前景。     

加强监测方案管理,提高监测科学性

阐述了监测方案的重要性和作用。指出制定监测方案前,首先应选择有资格的项目负责人,识别监测目的,做好现场踏勘工作;制定监测方案时,应合理地确定监测点位与频次、监测项目与方法,完善质量控制计划,实施监督检查;监测方案编制完成,必须经过严格的审核批准,在此基础上实施科学监测。     

Alternating nitrification-denitrification via nitrite for nitrogen removal from soybean wastewater by SBR with real-time control

A novel treating technology for nitrogen removal from soybean wastewater was studied. The process for nitrogen removal was achieved by alternating aeration and mixing, combined with real\|time control strategies. Results showed that the COD and total nitrogen removal rates are more than 90% and 92% at COD and total nitrogen loads of 1.0-1.2 kg COD/(kgMLSS·d) and 0.20-0.27 kg TN/(kgMLSS·d), respectively. In addition, it could improve sludge settling property. SVI value is less than 70 g/ml during the whole cycles. The method not only may be adapted to treat soybean wastewater with high nitrogen, but also may be applied to treat other high nitrogen wastewater.