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851.
A Combined Park Management Framework Based on Regulatory and Behavioral Strategies: Use of Visitors' Knowledge to Assess Effectiveness 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
KOSTANTINOS PAPAGEORGIOU 《Environmental management》2001,28(1):61-73
In light of the increasing mandate for greater efficiency in conservation of natural reserves such as national parks, the
present study suggests educational approaches as a tool to achieve conservation purposes. Currently, the management of human–wildlife
interactions is dominated by regulatory strategies, but considerable potential exists for environmental education to enhance
knowledge in the short run and to prompt attitude change in the long run. A framework for conservation based on both traditional
regulatory- and behavior-oriented strategies was proposed whereby the level of knowledge that park visitors have acquired
comprises an obvious outcome and establishes a basis upon which the effectiveness of regulatory- and behavior-based regimes
could be assessed. The perceptions regarding park-related issues of two distinct visitor groups (locals and nonlocals) are
summarized from a survey undertaken in Vikos-Aoos national park. The findings suggest a superficial knowledge for certain
concepts but little profound understanding of the content of such concepts, indicating that knowledge-raising efforts should
go a long way towards establishing a positive attitude for the resource. Visitors' poor knowledge of the park's operation
regulation contest the efficiency of the presently dominant regulatory management regime. While geographical distances did
not appear to significantly differentiate knowledge between the two groups, wilderness experience (as certified by visits
to other parks) was proved to be an impetus for generating substantial learner interest in critical park issues among nonlocal
visitors. School education and media were found to be significant knowledge providers. 相似文献
852.
KEVIN M. BROWN R. MICHAEL ERWIN MILO E. RICHMOND P. A. BUCKLEY JOHN T. TANACREDI DAVE AVRIN 《Environmental management》2001,28(2):207-224
During the 1980s, the exponential growth of laughing gull (Larus atricilla) colonies, from 15 to about 7600 nests in 1990, in the Jamaica Bay Wildlife Refuge and a correlated increase in the bird-strike
rate at nearby John F. Kennedy International Airport (New York City) led to a controversy between wildlife and airport managers
over the elimination of the colonies. In this paper, we review data to evaluate if: (1) the colonies have increased the level
of risk to the flying public; (2) on-colony population control would reduce the presence of gulls, and subsequently bird strikes,
at the airport; and (3) all on-airport management alternatives have been adequately implemented. Since 1979, most (2987, 87%)
of the 3444 bird strikes (number of aircraft struck) were actually bird carcasses found near runways (cause of death unknown
but assumed to be bird strikes by definition). Of the 457 pilot-reported strikes (mean = 23 ± 6 aircraft/yr, N= 20 years), 78 (17%) involved laughing gulls. Since a gull-shooting program was initiated on airport property in 1991, over
50,000 adult laughing gulls have been killed and the number of reported bird strikes involving laughing gulls has declined
from 6.9 ± 2.9 (1983–1990) to 2.6 ± 1.3 (1991–1998) aircraft/yr; nongull reported bird strikes, however, have more than doubled
(6.4 ± 2.6, 1983–1990; 14.9 ± 5.1, 1991–1998). We found no evidence to indicate that on-colony management would yield a reduction
of bird strikes at Kennedy Airport. Dietary and mark–recapture studies suggest that 60%–90% of the laughing gulls collected
on-airport were either failed breeders and/or nonbreeding birds. We argue that the Jamaica Bay laughing gull colonies, the
only ones in New York State, should not be managed at least until all on-airport management alternatives have been properly
implemented and demonstrated to be ineffective at reducing bird strikes, including habitat alterations and increasing the
capability of the bird control unit to eliminate bird flocks on-airport using nonlethal bird dispersal techniques. Because
the gull-shooting program may be resulting in a nonsustainable regional population of laughing gulls (>30% decline), we also
recommend that attempts be made to initiate an experimental colony elsewhere on Long Island to determine if colony relocation
is a feasible management option. 相似文献
853.
董国永 《中国安全科学学报》2001,11(2):1-6
介绍了中国石油天然气集团公司 (CNPC)建立 HSE(健康、安全、环境 )管理体系的基本思路、现状和发展趋势。CNPC基于国际石油工业勘探和开发 (E& P)论坛 HSE指南及中华人民共和国石油和天然气工业行业标准《石油工业健康安全环境管理体系》(SY/ T62 76- 1 997)建立的HSE管理体系 ,有机的融入了 ISO90 0 0、ISO1 4 0 0 0 ,以及 OHS(职业安全卫生 )管理体系的内容 ,经过3年多的实践 ,在健康、安全与环境管理方面取得了显著的绩效 相似文献
854.
企业消防管理工作研究 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
对企业消防安全管理现状进行了分析 ,指出企业消防安全管理在指导思想上、管理方法上存在的主要问题 ;提出了综合专职消防队伍、义务消防队伍、岗位操作人员“三位一体”的“大消防”消防管理理念以及规范消防演习的基本思路 ;针对管理中存在的问题提出了改进办法 相似文献
855.
Komal Habib Jannick H. Schmidt Per Christensen 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2013,33(9):1926-1933
The Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) sector has developed considerably during the past century, paving the way for maximum resource (materials and energy) recovery and minimising environmental impacts such as global warming associated with it. The current study is assessing the historical development of MSWM in the municipality of Aalborg, Denmark throughout the period of 1970 to 2010, and its implications regarding Global Warming Potential (GWP100), using the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach. Historical data regarding MSW composition, and different treatment technologies such as incineration, recycling and composting has been used in order to perform the analysis. The LCA results show a continuous improvement in environmental performance of MSWM from 1970 to 2010 mainly due to the changes in treatment options, improved efficiency of various treatment technologies and increasing focus on recycling, resulting in a shift from net emission of 618 kg CO2-eq. tonne?1 to net saving of 670 kg CO2-eq. tonne?1 of MSWM. 相似文献
856.
中国城市空气污染呈区域化和恶化趋势,亟需突破当前空气质量管理模式的制约.从管理体制和管理内容两方面对美国空气质量政府管理模式的先进经验进行了分析,并与北京市空气质量管理模式进行了初步比较,得出中国空气质量政府管理模式缺乏外部性的考虑;政府部门内部机构按照行政管理过程划分,导致管理成本偏高;决策机制与执行机制未分离,影响行政效率;对污染源的管理不专业;缺乏信息公开和公众参与等问题.建议成立空气质量管理分局,对固定源实行排污许可证管理,对移动源实行统一综合管理,细化面源的管理,建立空气质量管理信息公开平台. 相似文献
857.
Institutional credibility and leadership: critical challenges for community-based natural resource governance in rural and remote Australia 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
Community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) institutions are challenged with finding common ground as a basis for
action among diverse resource users and stakeholders. Establishing and maintaining institutional credibility within their
regions, catchments, communities and among their membership is fundamental to overcoming the challenge. So too is applying
appropriate institutional and governance structures and appointing appropriate leaders. Drawing on triangulated case study
data collected over a 12-month period using multiple methods, this paper examines the influence of institutional credibility
and leadership on the functioning, decision-making and governance of two CBNRM institutions in Queensland, Australia. The
paper shows that stakeholders have very different expectations of what makes a CBNRM institution credible. Satisfying the
multiple expectations requires CBNRM institutions to incorporate diverse stakeholder representation, assert their legitimacy
and demonstrate accountability, transparency, fairness and justice. The paper also draws attention to the value and importance
of appointing inspirational leaders who focus on encouraging followers to pursue collective goals. Comparing the merits and
constraints of appointing average Joes versus community elites to the Boards of CBNRM institutions, the paper highlights the
urgent need for community-based natural resource governance and inspirational leadership education and training programs to
improve the availability and quality of CBNRM leadership in rural Australia. Since combining credible CBNRM institutions with
inspirational leaders does not necessarily equate to sustainable on-ground NRM outcomes, it is critical that the education
and training programs emphasise the importance of monitoring and evaluating the improvements in decision-making processes
and in decision outcomes. 相似文献
858.
This paper introduces a functional-structural plant model based on artificial life concepts and L-systems. This model takes into account realistic physiological rules, the architecture of the plants and their demography. An original benefit of this approach is that it allows the simulation of plant evolution at both functional and life-history levels implementing mutations to the L-systems and a set of genetic parameter values. The conducted experiments focus on the evolutionary emergence of different life history strategies in an environment with heterogeneous resource availability and disturbance frequency. It is found that, depending on the encountered conditions, the plants develop three major strategies classified as competitors, stress-tolerators and ruderals according to Grime's CSR theory. Most of the evolved characteristics comply with theoretical biology or field observations on natural plants. Besides these results, our modelling framework is highly flexible and many refinements can be readily implemented depending on the issues one intends to address. Moreover, the model can readily be used to address many questions at the interface between evolutionary ecology, plant functional and community ecologies and ecosystem ecology. 相似文献
859.
Klaus J. Zink 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2013,19(2):279-290
AbstractIn the past, many so-called management concepts were not very successful because of their fragmented approach. This is also true for topics like safety and quality. Here, technical aspects often predominated while disregarding the equally important need for a change of attitude. On the other hand, awareness was created by timely limited programmes.The paper deals with integrating quality and safety in holistic (management) concepts, which are described first before being discussed in detail. 相似文献
860.
Pascale Carayon François Sainfort Michael J. Smith 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2013,19(2):303-334
AbstractIn this paper, we present a macroergonomic model of work design that is applied and tested to examine Total Quality Management (TQM) in the public sector. According to the model, TQM can influence different aspects of work design and quality of working life (QWL), Questionnaire data collected in 2 public sector organizations in the USA show that TQM can have both positive and negative impact on work design and QWL. The main positive impact of TQM was found on job content, job control and participation, and social relationships. The main negative impact of TQM was on workload, uncertainty, and clarity of job duties. The impact of TQM on QWL was mixed. Our results show that the impact of TQM on work design and QWL varied very much across the 6 participating departments, as well as within the departments. Further research is warranted to assess the human impact of TQM, in particular research on the linkage between various aspects of TQM, on one hand, and work design and QWL, on the other hand. 相似文献