强降雨对北运河流域沙河水库水质的影响

随着北运河点源污染逐步得到有效治理,汛期面源污染成为北运河水质不达标的主要影响因素,而现阶段有关强降雨对北运河上游水质的影响研究尚匮乏.本文以北运河上游沙河水库为研究对象,开展了单场强降雨对北运河上游水质的影响研究.在强降雨后(降雨量达53.8 mm?d-1)开展连续6d跟踪采样,并对比强降雨前后该库区的水质监测数据,...     

南水北调东线水源核心区浮游植物多样性状况与评价研究

分别于2013年4月、8月、10月和2014年1月对南水北调东线水源核心区河流浮游植物群落结构、浮游植物密度进行调查,并利用多样性指数进行水质评价.区域共检出浮游植物5门34科67属118种,春秋两季物种数较多,夏冬两季物种数较少.优势种为蓝藻门小席藻( Phormidium.tenue)、绿藻门小球藻( Chlorella.pyrenoidosa)、硅藻门变异直链藻( Melosira.varians).区域浮游植物密度为3.5 ×105 cells/L,Shannon-wiener指数为2.32,Margalef指数为1.06,Pielou均匀度指数为0.54,水质为寡污-中污水平.     

沈阳市北部地区风沙危害及防治对策

荒漠化是当今世界严重的环境与社会经济问题。沈阳市北部康平、法库两县均被列为国家防沙、治沙重点县。本文阐述了康平、法库两县风沙危害现状及发展趋势 ,提出了风沙危害的防治对策。     

Monitoring the progress of attempts to reduce nutrient load and inputs of certain compounds in the north sea by 50%

During the winter period an inverse linear relation is found between the concentration of dissolved nutrients (phosphorus and nitrogen) and salinity in the Dutch coastal zone. This indicates a conservative behavior of these compounds from the river, through the estuary to the sea. During summer this relation is much more scattered because of biological processes. The physical and statistical properties of the relationship between salinity and the concentration of dissolved inorganic phosphorus and nitrogen are used to calculate when, where, and how many samples have to be taken in order to monitor a reduction of a compound accurately. It appeared that at any given salinity in the estuary and in the sea, the winter period is the most suitable season to detect a reduction of a given dissolved compound. The higher the salinity in the estuary, the more samples are required to prove the reduction significantly. A reduction of only 10% cannot even be demonstrated by field measurements during summer at salinities above 25. It is concluded that one cruise from the river to the sea, covering the salinities from 0 to 35 during the winter period, aimed at establishing the relationship between the concentration and salinity by taking samples at a salinity interval of for instance 1%, is sufficient to monitor a wide-ranging reduction of 10%–50% in both the fresh water and marine water. This program must be combined with a sampling at a salinity of 0, directed to determine the riverine temporal variability.     

Linking Landscape Characteristics and High Stream Nitrogen in the Oregon Coast Range: Red Alder Complicates Use of Nutrient Criteria

Red alder (Alnus rubra), a nitrogen(N)‐fixing deciduous broadleaf tree, can strongly influence N concentrations in western Oregon and Washington. We compiled a database of stream N and GIS‐derived landscape characteristics in order to examine geographic variation in N across the Oregon Coast Range. Basal area of alder, expressed as a percent of watershed area, accounted for 37% and 38% of the variation in summer nitrate and total N (TN) concentrations, respectively. Relationships between alder and nitrate were strongest in winter when streamflow and landscape connections are highest. Distance to the coast and latitude, potential surrogates for sea salt inputs, and watershed area were also related to nitrate concentrations in an all‐subsets regression analysis, which accounted for 46% of the variation in summer nitrate concentrations. The model with the lowest Akaike's Information Criterion did not include developed or agricultural land cover, probably because few watersheds in our database had substantial levels of these land cover classes. Our results provide evidence, at a regional scale, that background sources and processes cause many Coast Range streams to exceed proposed nutrient criteria, and that the prevalence of a single tree species (N‐fixing red alder) exerts a dominant control over stream N concentrations across this region.     

Taxing mineral resource projects : Papua New Guinea, Indonesia and the Philippines

Within the context of a case study of three Asia/Pacific countries' mineral taxation regimes, this article examines the impact of individual fiscal instrucments, and the total fiscal package, on investor risk perceptions, investor returns and government receipts. It shows that under conditions of uncertainty and risk aversion on the part of investors, significant gains in expected government revenues can be achieved without seriously affecting the investors' ex-ante assessments of projects by a judicious selection and mix of fiscal instruments.     

DROUGH TREND IN NORTH CHINA IN RECENT FIFTY YEARS

Inrecentseveralyears ,abnormaldroughtoccursinthepartnorthernofChina .Itex ertssomeinfluenceonChina’snationaleconomyandhasarousedwideattentionfromallwalksoflife .Muchresearchindrought wetindexhasbeendonebothathomeandabroad .Theresultcanbeclassifiedintotwocategories:first,droughtindexdirectlyisdefinedbyprecipitationorothermeteorologicalfactors;second ,droughtindexisidentifiedbycalculatinggainingandlos ingoflocalwaterinaccordancewithequationofwaterbalance ,andsomealsoconsidertheim pactofdrought…     

"南水北调(东线)"宿迁沿线水质现状及水污染防治

对“南水北调（东线）”宿迁沿线的水质进行了调查，发现“南水北调”工程实施后，调水（宿迁段出水）水质有可能达不到国家要求的地表水Ⅲ类标准。为此，提出了一些污染防治措施。     

华北地区主要农业灾害及灾情分析

本文分析了华北地区农业灾害发生的气象背景,并利用1981～1990年的农业统计资料分析了华北地区的农业灾情状况及因灾而造成的粮、棉损失量。华北地区单位耕地面积的受灾率及成灾率分别为47.3%和23.0%,大致相当于二年一遇灾和四年一成灾。华北地区因农业灾害而造成的粮、棉损失量平均每年为397.0和34.5万吨,粮、棉损失率分别为4.9%及15.3%。     

华北平原的水土资源平衡研究

采用精确的水土资源平衡计算模型 ,辅以田间观测资料 ,分析计算了华北平原农业水资源量与作物需水量之间的平衡问题。结果显示 :在充分供水的条件下 ,本区农田 (884.8万hm₂)需水量为744.36亿m3,相应的作物亏水量为309.37亿m3,有效灌溉面积 (653.2万hm₂)上的亏水量为228.73亿m3;而1995年水利工程提供的农业总用水量已达261.78亿m3,但仍有116.16亿m3的亏水量 ;文中同时对评价区内农田的有效降水量、灌溉水的田间利用量、毛管上升水量等进行估算。指出 ,虽然冬小麦的平均水分满足率为82 % ,但关键期的水分满足率 (64 % )仍然制约粮食产量的增长 ,设想通过提高渠系利用系数和优化灌溉等措施 ,华北平原的农业可望达到水土资源平衡利用的状态