原位热处理技术修复重质非水相液体污染场地研究进展

重质非水相液体(DNAPLs)是土壤及地下水中广泛存在的有机污染物,原位热处理技术是目前修复受DNAPLs污染土壤及地下水的最具潜力的技术之一。综述了国内外常用原位热处理技术的基本原理及其影响因素,介绍了相关现场应用实例,并展望了该技术未来的应用前景和发展趋势,以期为中国污染土壤及地下水的原位修复提供有益借鉴。     

基于PROMETHEEⅡ法的污染场地土壤修复技术筛选及应用

依据当前污染场地土壤修复技术特点以及场地特征,构建4层12指标21方案的污染土壤修复技术决策分析结构,运用多属性决策分析方法——PROMETHEEⅡ偏好排序法,对当前场地修复技术以及典型场地条件进行了客观分析和综合评价,实现基于具体修复目标的污染场地土壤修复技术择优筛选,并采用该方法对虚拟特定污染场地的土壤修复技术筛选进行了实例应用。这为污染场地的治理和修复提供了方法依据和理论参考。     

Brominated flame retardants and polychlorinated biphenyls in human breast milk from several locations in India: potential contaminant sources in a municipal dumping site

This study investigated the status of contamination of organohalogen compounds (OCs) such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and brominated flame retardant (BFRs), including polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) in human milk samples from several locations in India. The levels of OCs were significantly higher in the milk of mothers living in and near municipal dumping site than other locations indicating that the open dumping sites for municipal wastes act as potential sources of these contaminants in India. The PCB concentrations observed in this study tended to decrease compared to those in the matched locations reported previously, probably due to the restriction of technical PCB usage in India. PBDE levels in human milk were two to three folds lower than those of PCBs in all the sampling locations investigated. Congener profiles of PCBs and PBDEs were different between samples from the dumping site mothers and general populations in other areas suggesting the presence of region-specific sources and pathways. HBCDs were detected in human milk from only two sites, with much lower concentrations and detection frequencies compared to PCBs and PBDEs. When hazard quotients (HQs) of PCBs and PBDEs were estimated for infant health risk, the HQs in some milk samples from the dumping site exceeded the threshold value (HQ > 1) of PCBs, indicating the potential risk for infants in the specific site.     

Impact of anthropogenic emissions and open biomass burning on regional carbonaceous aerosols in South China

Carbonaceous aerosols were studied at three background sites in south and southwest China. Hok Tsui in Hong Kong had the highest concentrations of carbonaceous aerosols (OC = 8.7 ± 4.5 μg/m³, EC = 2.5 ± 1.9 μg/m³) among the three sites, and Jianfeng Mountains in Hainan Island (OC = 5.8 ± 2.6 μg/m³, EC = 0.8 ± 0.4 μg/m³) and Tengchong mountain over the east edge of the Tibetan Plateau (OC = 4.8 ± 4.0 μg/m³, EC = 0.5 ± 0.4 μg/m³) showed similar concentration levels. Distinct seasonal patterns with higher concentrations during the winter, and lower concentrations during the summertime were observed, which may be caused by the changes of the regional emissions, and monsoon effects. The industrial and vehicular emissions in East, Southeast and South China, and the regional open biomass burning in the Indo-Myanmar region of Asia were probably the two major potential sources for carbonaceous matters in this region.     

Field controlled experiments of mercury accumulation in crops from air and soil

Field open top chambers (OTCs) and soil mercury (Hg) enriched experiments were employed to study the influence of Hg concentrations in air and soil on the Hg accumulation in the organs of maize (Zea mays L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Results showed that Hg concentrations in foliages were correlated significantly (p < 0.05) with air Hg concentrations but insignificantly correlated with soil Hg concentrations, indicating that Hg in crop foliages was mainly from air. Hg concentrations in roots were generally correlated with soil Hg concentrations (p < 0.05) but insignificantly correlated with air Hg concentrations, indicating that Hg in crop roots was mainly from soil. No significant correlations were found between Hg concentrations in stems and those in air and soil. However, Hg concentrations in upper stems were usually higher than those in bottom stems, implying air Hg might have stronger influence than soil Hg on stem Hg accumulation.     

海南文昌火箭发射场雷电环境分析

利用海南省18个气象台站的雷暴人工观测资料和海南闪电定位网的观测资料,分析了海南文昌火箭发射场的雷暴特征和雷电环境,结果表明:海南岛的中部和北部雷暴活动较强,西部、东部和南部近海地区的雷暴活动较弱,文昌发射场处在北部较强的雷暴区;采用Krigine(克里格)方法拟合的结果为文昌火箭发射场雷暴日数的年变化从1982年以后逐渐减少,发射场一年中各月都有雷暴发生,4-10月为雷暴高发期;发射场西部、西北部和北部区域雷暴活动较其它区域要强,79%的雷电流强度小于40 kA,而只有5.9%的雷电流强度大于60 kA,一天中闪电的发生有两个高峰时段,一个出现在凌晨5时到6时,另一个时段出现在14时到18时,午后15时左右是闪电活动最频繁的时段。     

Characterization of peroxyacetyl nitrate (PAN) under different PM2.5 concentration in wintertime at a North China rural site

As a secondary pollutant of photochemical pollution, peroxyacetyl nitrate(PAN) has attracted a close attention. A four-month campaign was conducted at a rural site in North China Plain(NCP) including the measurement of PAN, O₃, NO_x, PM_2.5, oxygenated volatile organic compounds(OVOCs), photolysis rate constants of NO₂ and O₃ and meteorological parameters to investigate the wintertime characterization of photochemistry from November 2018 to Fe...     

GIS环境下大区域工程场地地震液化势的二维概率评价方法

用具有概率意义的饱和砂土抗液化强度经验公式来对大区域场地进行地震液化势二维概率评价;在GIS软件ArcGIS的支持下,将取样钻孔处的液化势评价结果等价于数字高程模型(Digital Elevation Model,DEM)中的高程,利用ArcGIS空间分析模块中的Kriging插值法估计大区域场地的地震液化范围。研究表明:将Kriging法应用于岩土工程地质特征的统计推断,有助于揭示勘探孔以外的地层信息,对于大区域场地地震液化范围的判别是一个较好的手段;利用ArcGIS空间分析模块中的Kriging法,通过已勘察点的信息(液化势)来估计未勘测点的土层液化势,能够较好地区划出场地地震液化势的空间分布特征。     

周口店地质遗迹保护现状分析及对策建议

周口店地区地质遗迹丰富,在考古界和地质界都拥有极高的地位.通过实地考察,发现目前的保护中存在很多问题,如开山采石破坏了有价值的地质遗迹、众多水泥厂排放的烟尘污染了空气等,笔者针对存在的问题,提出了加强立法、严格执法、保护第一、积极开发、充分发挥其旅游文化价值等一系列方案措施;对比较典型突出的问题,提出了具体解决方案,希望以此唤起社会的进一步重视,以更好保护这一人类共有的财富.     

风电机组与民爆危险品建筑物间安全防护距离的研究与选定

针对风电机组选址与民爆企业安全管理的突出矛盾,研究分析了风电机组和民爆危险品建筑物间安全距离设定的原则和方法,深入剖析了重大危险影响因素,并结合现行标准规范和国外相关规定及经验做法,估算了安全距离值,探讨了安全距离设定的可能性、合理性和适应性,提出了安全距离设定的建议和参照依据。