在用车用全复合缠绕气瓶安全性分析

本文通过全复合材料气瓶性能试验、用工业CT方法以及充气时瓶内温度场动态监测,讨论气瓶的内胆、接嘴部位质量以及复合材料强度层质量对气瓶安全性能的影响,并且用统计及实验方法对气瓶的使用环节进行评估,使用1O年以上的气瓶仍具有良好的整体安全性能。     

移动监测法测量厦门春秋季近地面CO2的时空分布

移动监测对研究城市近地面空气污染物时空分布特征具有重要意义.本研究采用野外移动监测车,利用二氧化碳测量仪、粉尘仪及小型气象站,在春秋季共选取14 d,沿厦门不同功能区,在每天不同时间段(09:00~12:00、13:00~16:00、22:00~01:00)进行了CO2与颗粒物(PM)浓度及气象参数的监测,并分析了春秋季不同时段下各功能区近地面CO2空间分布特征以及CO2与颗粒物的相互关系.结果表明:①监测期间,路线从北部的坂头水库背景区经郊区进入市中心最终在城市南部边缘沿海干道结束,CO2浓度的空间分布呈现中间市中心高沿市中心向两边边缘处降低的结构,不同功能区CO2空间分布存在差异,受城市交通,工业,人类活动等排放,地面植物/作物以及气象条件的影响.主要表现为交通繁忙区(仙岳路/厦禾路/嘉禾路,477.33μmol·mol-1±6.11μmol·mol-1)高于商业居民区(杏林/思北,454.95μmol·mol-1±5.45μmol·mol-1)高于自然风景区(文屏/环岛路/演武路,441.01μmol·mol-1±6.24μmol·mol-1)高于耕地(农田,436.79μmol·mol-1±1.87μmol·mol-1)高于山体林地(坂头水库,434.06μmol·mol-1±0.31μmol·mol-1);②监测期间春季平均CO2浓度为452.04μmol·mol-1±20.24μmol·mol-1,最大值出现在2013年4月12日的嘉禾路路段(市内交通繁忙区)为533.10μmol·mol-1,最小值出现在2013年4月10日的坂头水库路段(远离市区,受人为活动影响较小,水库周围有大量植被,可认为监测过程中的背景区域)为413.25μmol·mol-1.秋季平均CO2浓度为451.80μmol·mol-1±21.56μmol·mol-1,其中最大值出现在2012年11月19日的厦禾路路段(市内交通繁忙区)为526.45μmol·mol-1,最小值出现在2012年11月20日的坂头水库路段为415.01μmol·mol-1.这符合Idso等在1998年提出"城市CO2岛"的现象;③不同时间段CO2浓度表现出夜晚时段(22:00~01:00)高于上午时段(09:00~12:00)高于下午时段(13:00~16:00),阴天普遍高于晴天,且不同功能区CO2浓度在夜晚时段(22:00~01:00)和白天时段(09:00~12:00和13:00~16:00)的差异不同,春季的差异范围为-0.66~29.48μmol·mol-1,秋季的差异范围为-4.01~33.69μmol·mol-1;④市区CO2浓度与周围郊区存在差异,市区CO2浓度均高于郊区;⑤移动监测主要受道路车辆排放的影响,CO2浓度与PM2.5呈显著正相关关系(R=0.73,P<0.01).     

Evaluation of the International Vehicle Emission （IVE） model with on-road remote sensing measurements

Intemational Vehicle Emissions （IVE） model funded by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency （USEPA） is designed to estimate emissions from motor vehicles in developing countries. In this study, the IVE model was evaluated by utilizing a dataset available from the remote sensing measurements on a large number of vehicles at five different sites in Hangzhou, China, in 2004 and 2005. Average fuel-based emission factors derived from the remote sensing measurements were compared with corresponding emission factors derived from IVE calculations for urban, hot stabilized condition. The results show a good agreement between the two methods for gasoline passenger cars＇ HC emission for all 1VE subsectors and technology classes. In the case of CO emissions, the modeled results were reasonably good, although systematically underestimate the emissions by almost 12%-50% for different technology classes. However, the model totally overestimated NOx emissions. The IVE NOx emission factors were 1.5-3.5 times of the remote sensing measured ones. The IVE model was also evaluated for light duty gasoline truck, heavy duty gasoline vehicles and motor cycles. A notable result was observed that the decrease in emissions from technology class State II to State I were overestimated by the IVE model compared to remote sensing measurements for all the three pollutants. Finally, in order to improve emission estimation, the adjusted base emission factors from local studies are strongly recommended to be used in the IVE model.     

大气气溶胶中硝基多环芳烃分析方法的建立及应用

硝基多环芳烃类化合物是一类强致突变和致癌物.大气中的硝基多环芳烃主要由化石类燃料燃烧时直接释放,或由前体化合物多环芳烃经光化学反应生成,其浓度远低于多环芳烃.利用高效液相色谱法,分离并富集目标组分,结合气相色谱-质谱技术,建立大气气溶胶中硝基多环芳烃类化合物的检测方法,仪器检测限为1.17～2.94pg,硝基多环芳烃指...     

组合赋权法确定清河流域总量减排绩效评估指标权重

运用组合赋权法确定评价指标权重,是保证流域总量减排绩效评估结果合理、可靠的关键。通过对基于主观判断的层次分析法和依赖客观数据的均方差法的综合分析,构建了组合赋权模型。并将其应用于辽宁省清河流域的总量减排绩效评估指标权重的确定。结果表明,资金投入、水质和点源污染等几项指标权重较大,即对清河流域总量减排绩效管理影响严重。而组合赋权法能够综合考虑主观和客观因素对赋权结果的影响,避免了单一方法确定权重存在的局限性,为流域总量减排绩效评估提供了一种新的思路。     

资源环境领域脱钩分析研究进展

为掌握资源环境领域脱钩分析的研究进展,论文采用概括和比较分析的手段,从脱钩概念界定、脱钩分析的主要关注领域、脱钩分析的测度方法以及脱钩指标4个方面对资源环境领域的脱钩分析进行了梳理和概括。归纳出已有研究的几个特点:①不同研究对于脱钩的定义和类型划分不同,就脱钩而言,主要区别在于所包含绝对脱钩、相对脱钩和衰退性脱钩中的类型不同;②目前脱钩分析的研究领域主要集中在宏观层面以及部分行业(产业)层面的环境(资源)压力与其驱动因素之间的脱钩分析;③不同研究所采用的脱钩测度方法有很大差别,目前大致有8类不同的脱钩测度方法;④脱钩指标也是脱钩分析中的一项重要研究内容,目前还没有一个统一的指标体系,越来越多的研究将各类有关环境压力和资源消耗的指标应用到脱钩分析作为脱钩指标。最后探讨了还需要进一步深入研究的内容。     

高效液相色谱法分离和测定甲醛和苯酚

本文讨论了高效液相色谱分离和测定甲醛和苯酚的条件,并对酚醛树脂生产废水进行了实际测定,结果令人满意。     

Field investigation of pavement rehabilitation utilizing cold in-place recycling

Despite the widespread field and laboratory research works there are still a lot of unknown aspects about the cold in-place recycling. This paper presents the outcomes of a five year evaluation of a major highway in Iran which had been rehabilitated by cold in-place recycling. Before starting the rehabilitation process, a comprehensive field survey was performed. During the pavement surveying, type, severity and reason of distresses were investigated and PCI parameter was calculated. Furthermore, both destructive and nondestructive tests were carried out to evaluate the pavement condition and estimate the remaining life. On the basis of these investigations studied highway was divided to six design sections. Based on technical analysis four sections were recycled whereas two other sections were rehabilitated with the conventional cold milling and overlay method. Afterwards, the pavement performance was monitored during the next 5 years. After about six months of monitoring, structural failures were detected in about 10% of recycled areas. Based on field surveying, low compaction and load bearing of subgrade materials and lack of high quality unbound pavement layers accompanied by some shortcomings in recycled layer resulted in undesirable results in these areas. Based on obtained results and performed analysis a practical flowchart was presented which could be used as a project selection guideline.     

Performance evaluation method of oil and gas pipeline integrity management

The performance evaluation of integrity management has become the focus of attention because integrity management has become widely accepted by pipeline operators. This paper proposes a three-index system of pipeline integrity management performance evaluation (TISPIMPE), which includes system construction, implementation process, and pipeline health status, comprehensively evaluating the status, adequacy, and effectiveness of integrity management. It helps the pipeline operators to determine the weakness in each step. Based on the improved analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the different backgrounds of experts are fully considered, and experts' opinions are revised. The adjustment coefficient of performance evaluation is set up simultaneously, and the evaluation results are adjusted to make the results more reasonable. Taking the performance evaluation of pipeline integrity management of an oil and gas company as an example, it is shown that TISPIMPE has reasonable practicability and can accurately reflect the shortcomings of pipeline integrity management. TISPIMPE can effectively help pipeline managers comprehensively and systematically evaluate the performance of pipeline integrity management and gain an in-depth understanding of pipeline operation status.