Light absorption properties and potential sources of brown carbon in Fenwei Plain during winter 2018–2019

A distinctive kind of organic carbon aerosol that could absorb ultraviolet-visible radiation is called brown carbon (BrC), which has an important positive influence on radiative budget and climate change. In this work, we reported the absorption properties and potential source of BrC based on a seven-wavelength aethalometer in the winter of 2018–2019 at an urban site of Sanmenxia in Fenwei Plain in central China. Specifically, the mean value of BrC absorption coefficient was 59.6 ± 36.0 Mm^?1 at 370 nm and contributed 37.7% to total absorption, which made a significant impact on visibility and regional environment. Absorption coefficients of BrC showed double-peak pattern, and BrC had shown small fluctuations under haze days compared with clean days. As for the sources of BrC, BrC absorption coefficients expressed strong correlations with element carbon aerosols and primary organic carbon aerosols, indicating that most of BrC originated from primary emissions. The linear correlations between trace metal elements (K, As, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Pb) and BrC absorption coefficients further referred that the major sources of BrC were primary emissions, like coal burning, biomass burning, and vehicle emissions. The moderate relationship between BrC absorption coefficients and secondary organic aerosols suggested that secondary production of BrC also played an important role. The 120 hr backward air mass trajectories analysis and concentration-weighted trajectories analysis were also used to investigate potential sources of BrC in and around this area, which inferred most parts of BrC were derived from local emissions.     

河套平原灌溉间隙期乌梁素海水体细菌群落结构特征

为研究河套平原末端乌梁素海在灌溉间隙期水体中细菌群落组成和相应的功能,于2020年9月开展湖上取样工作并对pH、TN、TP、DIP、DTP、NH4+-N、Chla、EC和SAL等指标进行分析.利用16S rRNA高通量测序方法对乌梁素海表层水15个样本中附着细菌和浮游细菌分别进行测定.结果表明:①附着细菌丰富度和群落多...     

华北平原典型区土壤氟的形态及其分布特征

为了研究华北平原典型区小麦-玉米农田土壤氟的形态及其分布特征,采用连续化学提取方法,测定了采自该地区的耕作层土壤样品(0～30 cm)和剖面土壤样品氟含量.结果表明,研究区耕作层土壤总氟含量为338.31～781.67 mg·kg-1,平均含量为430.46 mg·kg-1.耕作层土壤中不同形态氟含量以残余态最高,其平均含量为402.73 mg·kg-1;其次为水溶态,平均含量为14.39 mg·kg-1,处于氟污染较高水平,可能会对人体健康和生态环境产生重要影响;再次为有机态和铁锰结合态,其平均含量分别为8.90 mg·kg-1和4.10 mg·kg-1;可交换态含量最低,其平均含量为0.33 mg·kg-1.耕作层土壤中水溶态氟含量与土壤pH、CEC呈正相关,与土壤黏粒含量呈负相关;铁锰结合态氟含量与土壤pH、CEC、土壤砂粒含量呈正相关,与黏粒含量呈负相关.逐步回归分析结果表明,土壤pH值对土壤水溶态氟和铁锰结合态氟含量影响最显著,土壤CEC对土壤总氟和残余态氟含量影响最为显著.土壤剖面总氟含量受土壤岩性变化控制,在包气带中呈现峰谷交替的变化特征;土壤剖面水溶态氟含量受土壤岩性变化较小,受土壤pH影响较大,各土壤剖面水溶态氟含量与土壤pH呈显著正相关,主要在靠近地表0～100 cm处变化.本研究可为该区域土壤氟污染防治提供科学依据,也为土壤氟的迁移转化、土壤氟对生态和环境的影响研究奠定了理论基础.     

成都平原大气颗粒物中无机水溶性离子污染特征

为探讨成都平原大气颗粒物中水溶性离子的污染特征,识别水溶性离子的组成、分布和时空变化,有针对性地控制重污染和灰霾天气,于2013年8月~2014年7月,在成都平原的5个监测点位共采集1 476个颗粒物样品,应用离子色谱法对PM10和PM_(2.5)中8种无机水溶性离子(SO_4~(2-)、NO_3~-、NH_4~+、K~+、Na~+、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、Cl~-)进行测量.结果表明在观测期间,PM_(2.5~10)和PM_(2.5)中无机水溶性离子总量分别为11.35μg·m-3和36.93μg·m-3,分别占ρ(PM_(2.5)~10)和ρ(PM_(2.5))的37.8%和46.6%;其中二次离子(SO_4~(2-)、NO_3~-和NH~+4,SNA)约占各自水溶性离子总量的81.1%和89.9%.水溶性离子质量浓度冬季最高,春秋季相当,夏季最低.ρ(SO2-4)/ρ(PM_(2.5))夏秋季较高,而ρ(NO_3~-)/ρ(PM_(2.5))冬季最高,夏季最低.SNA、Cl~-、K~+大多分布在PM_(2.5)中,Ca~(2+)和Mg~(2+)主要分布在PM_(2.5~10)中.PM_(2.5)基本呈中性,水溶性离子主要以(NH_4)_2SO_4、NH_4NO_3、KNO_3、NaCl、KCl等形式存在.ρ(NO_3~-)/ρ(SO_4~(2-))揭示固定源依然是PM_(2.5)的主要来源.硫氧化速率(SOR)和氮氧化速率(NOR)年均值分别为0.31和0.13,SOR夏季最高,NOR冬季最高,二者变化趋势相反.成都平原PM_(2.5)呈区域性复合污染特征,SNA是造成ρ(PM_(2.5))增加的主导因素.