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521.
王连龙 《中国环境管理干部学院学报》2013,(1):46-49
根据联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会推荐的方法,计算了秦皇岛市工业行业2005-2010年的能源消费碳排放。秦皇岛市工业效益偏低,重工业比例偏大和以煤炭为主的能源结构是碳排总量和碳排放强度的主要驱动力。改造提升传统主导产业,做强装备制造业,加快工业园区建设,完善产业链,改善能源结构等是秦皇岛市工业产业结构优化的主要途径。 相似文献
522.
针对油田采出废水的特点,以粘胶基活性炭纤维为原料,经二次炭化和二次活化方式处理制得ACF样品。以ACF为过滤材料,对延长某采油厂经过沉降、分离处理后的采油废水进行动态吸附实验,实验结果表明:经水蒸汽二次活化得到的ACF样品对选用的油田废水处理效果最佳,其悬浮物颗粒粒径中值0.496μm(<1.0μm)、悬浮物含量为0.77mg/L(<1.0mg/L)。 相似文献
523.
Ran Ran 《Journal of Environmental Policy & Planning》2013,15(1):17-39
The obvious paradox within China's environmental politics is the big gap between the central government's policy and its implementation outcomes at local levels. Despite concerns about implementation at the local level, much about the role of central governments in China's local environmental politics is still poorly understood. This article examines how the incentive structure set by the central authorities affects the policy implementation gap at the local level. Drawing on fieldwork and document analysis, this article argues that the incentives set by the central government regarding environmental policy implementation at local levels are perversely structured, meaning that the central government provides much more incentive for local governments' non-implementation or poor implementation of its environmental policies than it provides for full implementation. The central government's failure to encourage—politically, financially, as well as morally—local government officials to appropriately implement environmental policies can partly explain the production of the policy implementation gap at the local level. This implementation gap cannot be overcome by efforts at the local level unless the central government takes significant measures to address the perverse incentive structure embedded in the overall structure of China's local environmental politics. 相似文献
524.
选取2005年东洞庭湖湿地的遥感影像,利用GIS技术、MapInfo Professional7.0 SCP软件和景观结构分析软件FRAGSTATS,应用景观生态学的理论和方法,对东洞庭湖湿地景观空间结构的完整性进行了分析。结果表明:(1)区域内斑块分维数相差不大,但沼泽和库塘湿地受人为干扰明显且形状规则,其分维数趋近于1。(2)区域内湿地景观类型体系中各类湿地所占比例差异不大,分配较均匀;多样性较低,优势度不明显;整个区域的破碎化程度较低,但各类景观类型破碎化程度差异明显,相对破坏性较大。(3)由于人类垦殖影响,斑块间隙指数较高。上述分析,为东洞庭湖湿地资源的开发和保护提供参阅资料和依据。 相似文献
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528.
湖北省土地利用结构变化及其驱动机制分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用1996~2004年的统计资料,分析了湖北省土地利用结构变化,研究发现全省耕地大幅度减少,其次是未利用地和牧草地;林地则迅速增加,其次为居民点及独立工矿、园地、其他农用地、交通用地和水利设施用地。随后运用典型相关分析法,以湖北省76个县级行政单位为研究单元,进一步对湖北省土地利用结构变化的驱动因子进行了统计分析,定量诊断出各驱动因子对湖北省土地利用结构变化贡献作用的大小。结果显示,湖北省土地利用结构与社会经济因素之间关系可以用4对典型相关变量表示,耕地、居民点及工矿用地、林地、交通用地、水利设施用地的发展变化分别对应于不同的社会经济驱动因子。 相似文献
529.
Michael H. Huesemann Joyce A. Huesemann 《Environment, Development and Sustainability》2008,10(6):787-825
Industrial society will move towards collapse if its total environmental impact (I), expressed either in terms of energy and
materials use or in terms of pollution, increases with time, i.e., dI/dt > 0. The traditional interpretation of the I = PAT
equation reflects the optimistic belief that technological innovation, particularly improvements in eco-efficiency, will significantly
reduce the technology (T) factor, and thereby result in a corresponding decline in impact (I). Unfortunately, this interpretation
of the I = PAT equation ignores the effects of technological change on the other two factors: population (P) and per capita
affluence (A). A more heuristic formulation of this equation is I = P(T)·A(T)·T in which the dependence of P and A on T is
apparent. From historical evidence, it is clear that technological revolutions (tool-making, agricultural, and industrial)
have been the primary driving forces behind successive population explosions, and that modern communication and transportation
technologies have been employed to transform a large proportion of the world’s inhabitants into consumers of material- and
energy-intensive products and services. In addition, factor analysis from neoclassical growth theory and the rebound effect
provide evidence that science and technology have played a key role in contributing to rising living standards. While technological
change has thus contributed to significant increases in both P and A, it has at the same time brought about considerable eco-efficiency
improvements. Unfortunately, reductions in the T-factor have generally not been sufficiently rapid to compensate for the simultaneous
increases in both P and A. As a result, total impact, in terms of energy production, mineral extraction, land-use and CO2 emissions, has in most cases increased with time, indicating that industrial society is nevertheless moving towards collapse.
The belief that continued and even accelerated scientific research and technological innovation will automatically result
in sustainability and avert collapse is at best mistaken. Innovations in science and technology will be necessary but alone
will be insufficient for sustainability. Consequently, what is most needed are specific policies designed to decrease total
impact, such as (a) halting population growth via effective population stabilization plans and better access to birth control
methods, (b) reducing total matter-energy throughput and pollution by removing perverse subsidies, imposing regulations that
limit waste discharges and the depletion of non-renewable resources, and implementing ecological tax reform, and (c) moving
towards a steady-state economy in which per-capita affluence is stabilized at lower levels by replacing wasteful conspicuous
material consumption with social alternatives known to enhance subjective well-being. While science and technology must play
an important role in the implementation of these policies, none will be enacted without a fundamental change in society’s
dominant values of growth and exploitation. Thus, value change is the most important prerequisite for avoiding global collapse.
相似文献
Michael H. HuesemannEmail: |
530.
Yu. A. Galysheva 《Russian Journal of Ecology》2008,39(4):272-278
The composition and structure of the Gray mussel (Crenomytilus grayanus) community in Vostok Bay of the Sea of Japan have been studied. A total of 165 species have been identified in the macrobenthos. Its species composition has changed insignificantly since the 1970s. The total biomass of the biocenosis has decreased, and the size-age composition of the C. grayanus population has changed due to poaching. The trophic structure of the community has also changed, with the Shannon indices of species diversity and equitability (E) becoming lower, due to intensive organic pollution of Vostok Bay resulting from increasing recreational activities and sewage discharge. 相似文献