Physics of failure analysis of power section assembly for positive displacement motor

Power section assembly is the core part of positive displacement motor (PDM), and its mechanical behavior and service life determine the drilling efficiency and cycle. In this paper, fault tree of power section assembly was established, failure reasons were analyzed and improvement measures were put forward. Finite element models of conventional lining and uniform wall thickness lining of 5/6 PDM were established, and the mechanical behaviors were investigated. Working parameters such as drilling fluid pressure, rubber hardness, downhole temperature and pressure difference were discussed. The results show that wear and rust are the main failure modes of the rotor. Failure modes of rubber lining are wear, tear, rupture, peeling off, thermal failure and fatigue failure. Under the action of drilling fluid pressure, the maximum effective stress of rubber lining appears in the bottom of arc, and the minimum stress appears at the top of arc. But deformation distribution is opposite to the effective stress. Deformation of uniform wall thickness lining is more uniform. Effective stress of the lining increases with the increasing of drilling fluid pressure and rubber hardness, but it decreases with the downhole temperature increases. Deformation of the lining increases with the drilling fluid pressure increases, but it decreases with the increasing of rubber hardness and downhole temperature. Effective stress and deformation distribution of rubber lining are more uneven with the pressure difference increases. High stress area lies between the two smallest chambers.     

Capitalistic Agency: The Rhetoric of BP's Helios Power Campaign

In this essay, we use rhetorical analysis to examine how British Petroleum's (BP) Helios Power media campaign both encourages and embodies capitalistic agency as the means to enact pro-environmental behavior. This form of agency limits the scope of environmentalism. Capitalistic agency can be conceptualized as the capacity to enact, or the process of enacting, capitalistic ends as well as the inherent constraining of agency that is not oriented toward the production of capital. Helios Power, launched in 2007, is BP's most recent American television, radio, internet advertising, and branding campaign. We examine the campaign website which heavily incorporates green marketing, including background images of wind turbines, environmental buzzwords throughout the text, green color schemes, and a section dedicated to conservation advocacy. By rhetorically aligning BP with environmentalism, providing customers a means of participation with environmentalism, and constraining profit-hindering conservation behaviors, Helios Power provides a vivid illustration for understanding the impact of capitalistic agency on society's perception of and progress toward environmental sustainability.     

超超临界锅炉水冷壁爆管原因

通过对超超,豳界锅炉水冷壁爆管事故原因进行了分析,介绍了事故的处理经过,指出受热面管堵塞是造成管子超温爆管的根本原因,重点分析了受热面管堵塞爆管的各种影响因素,针对性地提出了解决措施。     

The Concepts of Energy,Environment, and Cost for Process Design

Abstract

The process industries (specifically, energy and chemicals) are characterized by a variety of reactors and reactions to bring about successful process operations. The design of energy-related and chemical processes and their evolution is a complex process that determines the competitiveness of these industries, as well as their environmental impact. Thus, we have developed an Enviro-Energy Concept designed to facilitate sustainable industrial development. The Complete Onion Model represents a complete methodology for chemical process design and illustrates all of the requirements to achieve the best possible design within the accepted environmental standards. Currently, NOx emissions from industrial processes continue to receive maximum attention, therefore the issue problem of NOx emissions from industrial sources such as power stations and nitric acid plants is considered. The Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) is one of the most promising and effective commercial technologies. It is considered the Best Available Control Technology (BACT) for NOx reduction. The solution of NOx Emissions problem is either through modifying the chemical process design and/or installing an end-of-pipe technology. The degree of integration between the process design and the installed technology plays a critical role in the capital cost evaluation. Therefore, integrating process units and then optimizing the design has a vital effect on the total cost. Both the environmental regulations and the cost evaluation are the boundary constraints of the optimum solution.     

微动力接触氧化法处理军营生活污水示范研究

将改变传统的机械充氧方式,通过增加水体与空气的接触面积,延长接触时间,进行自然充氧应用于微动力接触氧化法处理生活污水上。重点研究跌水曝气与接触氧化的耦合关系、停留时间与曝气量的耦合关系,形成跌水曝气接触氧化微动力分散式污水处理技术,研究微动力接触氧化挂膜规律和快速挂膜方法。并通过对技术参数的优化,在达到溶氧要求的同时,简化设计,提高其与后续工艺的对接性,降低工艺难度。     

Chemical looping combustion for power generation—Concept study for a 10 MWth demonstration plant

A semi-commercial 10 MW_th chemical looping combustion (CLC) plant for power production is proposed as a next scale demonstration plant after successful operation of a 120 kW CLC pilot rig. The design criteria for the CLC boiler are derived from the experience obtained from the CLC pilot rig at Vienna University of Technology. The IPSEpro simulation environment is chosen for implementation of the process flow sheet of the CLC power plant. A single pressure steam cycle is suggested for this small scale demonstration plant. Heat exchangers and a five-stage steam turbine are arranged. Basic design parameters of the power plant are derived from detailed mass and energy investigations and discussed. It turns out that the net electric efficiency of such a small scale plant can be expected to be in the range of 32.5–35.8%. However, a demonstration of CLC at such a scale is necessary in order to gain confidence in more sophisticated CLC power generation concepts at larger scale.     

护眼灯的电磁辐射水平初步调查

对市场销售的多种品牌的儿童护眼灯电磁辐射水平进行了调查,结果表明,该类产品的电磁辐射水平较高,应关注由此应起的对健康的潜在危害。     

闭式循环冲渣水结垢分析及运行管理

介绍了小龙潭电厂冲渣水闭式循环系统，分析了渣水水质及结垢原理，阐述了防垢处理的主要方法及运行管理。     

Power management for hybrid distributed generation systems

The design of a new power management tool able to manage the power flow from different renewable energy sources is proposed in this paper. PV and wind are the primary power sources for the system, and a fuel cell with electrolyser and batteries are used as reserve. The designed controller purpose is to manage power flows among the different energy systems and to assure a continuous supply of load. Modelling and simulation of the various energy sources of distributed generation (DG) systems including wind turbine (WT), fuel cell-electrolyser (FC), photovoltaic (PV) and battery are developed. The coordination controller is designed based on the criteria of providing the load demand and the excess power is used either to produce hydrogen through electrolyser for the FC or to store it in battery. Simulation is carried out in MATLAB/Simulink environment and the results show satisfactory performance of the coordination scheme to satisfy the load requirements.     

锂电池在特种设备行业中梯次利用的前景展望

特种设备行业对动力电池的要求不仅局限于功率性能,同时由于特种设备的应用场景特殊性,其环保要求和性价比同样重要。梯次利用作为应对电动汽车退役电池处理的重要手段,在电池余能利用方面发挥重要作用。现有特种设备动力来源正从燃油向电能转化,而且还有一大批鉛酸动力电池需要更新换代,梯次利用锂电池在机电类特种设备行业中的应用符合节能减排的政策导向,具有市场前景。