工业锅炉积灰结渣的危害性和防止方法

工业锅炉受热面积灰、结渣,层燃炉炉拱结焦,危害较大,造成蒸发量小,蒸汽压力低,炉拱易损等。本文分析了煤中灰的类型及主要影响因素和防止方法。     

论高速公路与环境保护的协调发展

中国的高速公路发展迅猛，２０００年总里程将升至世界第三位，仅次于美国和加拿大，然而大规模的社会工程必定会对环境产生影响，应引起足够的重视。该文在分析了高速公路发展对环境产生的一系列影响的基础上，从不同的角度提出了相应的措施与对策。重点应注意两个方面：选线上要慎重科学，合理土地资源，注意自然生态保护，避开文化区等；施工建设方面，不能简单套用城市中的环保措施，而应因地制宜，采取切实可行的防治措施。     

赤潮研究现状与动向

综述了赤潮研究现状，分析了发生原因，危害，总结了防治措施，监测预报技术，展望了今后的研制动向。     

Some myths and realities about dust explosions

The necessary conditions for a dust explosion to occur are well-expressed by the explosion pentagon: (i) fuel, (ii) oxidant, (iii) ignition source, (iv) mixing of the fuel and oxidant, and (v) confinement of the resulting mixture. While it might seem relatively straightforward to prevent or mitigate a dust explosion by simply removing one of the pentagon elements, the field of dust explosion risk reduction is more complex. Building upon previous work by the author and other dust explosion researchers, the theme of the current paper is that this complexity is partially rooted in several erroneous beliefs. These beliefs ignore the realities found with full consideration of appropriate scientific and engineering principles. Several such myths and their factual counterparts are presented with an illustrative example.     

浮头式换热器的腐蚀及对策

针对浮头式换热器的腐蚀现象,分析了造成腐蚀的多种原因,指出冷凝水的氧腐蚀应是主要因素。并给出了控制和解决氧腐蚀的几种方法。     

Modern accident investigation - Four major challenges

Nowadays, ‘investigation’ is a very commonly advocated approach and consequently is becoming an umbrella concept. ‘Investigation’ includes many types of approaches on different system levels. Originating from transport accidents and crime scenes, ‘investigation’ ranges from genocide, natural disasters, via discrimination, health care to crime fighting, economic fraud and ethical questions in engineering and management. In such a changing operating environment and widespread applications, accident investigation must reassess its distinctive role, purposes and operating conditions. It must clarify and communicate its specific aims and functions and performance to such an extent that it maintains its credibility, capability and quality in the eye of professionals, politicians as well as the public. Based on an assessment of the past performance of leading investigation agencies, practical experiences during major ad hoc accident investigations and changes in the operating environment, a SWOT analysis identified several issues as internal and external challenges in the future conduct of major investigations. Finally, the article proposes several priorities, challenging each stakeholder and expert in the investigation community to contribute from its own perspective to improve accident investigation theory and practices.     

污染防治攻坚战实施阶段性成效评估研究

污染防治攻坚战是党的十九大提出的我国全面建成小康社会决胜时期的“三大攻坚战”之一,以解决人民群众反映强烈的大气、水、土壤污染等突出问题为重点,全面加强环境污染防治。为客观评估污染防治攻坚战实施成效,本研究构建了污染防治攻坚战评估指标体系与方法,基于环境监测数据、生态环境综合业务调度平台等数据,采用比较法、耦合协调指数等方法,从目标指标、重点任务、政策制度和经济绩效4个维度,对2018—2020年的污染防治攻坚战实施阶段性成效开展评估。结果显示：攻坚战实施成效显著,全面完成规定的13项目标指标,重点任务完成情况总体较好,有效地促进了环境经济协调发展,推动生态环境治理体制机制更加完善。然而,我国生态环境质量改善成效仍不稳固,结构性、根源性、趋势性压力尚未根本缓解,本文建议“十四五”时期应从绿色低碳转型、减污降碳协同增效、关键领域突破、环境治理体系和治理能力等方面深入打好污染防治攻坚战,持续改善生态环境质量。     

1997年5月7日益阳罕见雷击灾害分析

通过调查益阳市赫山区羊角乡小河口村发生的特大罕见雷击灾害，翔实记述了雷击出现引起的特异现象及灾害，科学地分析了雷击发生的天气形势和地理环境条件及其原因．并提出了预防雷击的措施。     

生物质气化多发事故及防范

近几年，秸秆气化供气发生事故较多，对事故易发原因进行了归纳与分析，并提出了防洪措施。     

Suicides and other fatalities from train-person collisions on Swedish railroads: a descriptive epidemiologic analysis as a basis for systems-oriented prevention

PROBLEM: Suicide is a dominating, although hidden, safety problem on Swedish railroads. The aim of this paper is to describe the epidemiology of fatal train-person collisions as a basis for systems-oriented prevention. METHOD: Data on collision circumstances were collected from narrative reports at the Swedish National Rail Administration. RESULTS: The events were evenly distributed by months and weekdays, however, most suicides occur during the day while unintentional events usually occur at night. Most train-person collisions happened in densely populated areas, and 75% of the suicide victims were waiting on the track before the collision. Significance test between types of injury event (suicide, accident, or unknown intent) showed small or no differences. CONCLUSION: Traditional approaches to accident prevention by systems modification seem largely applicable to combat railroad suicide as well. IMPACT ON INDUSTRY: Our findings show promising preventive potentials.