Factorial structure of recklessness: to what extent are older drivers different?

PROBLEM: This study tests whether the original factorial structure of a recklessness questionnaire can be maintained for the current Spanish population of older drivers. JUSTIFICATION: Our recent interest in dedicating special attention to senior citizen mobility (Monterde, 2001), is due to the impending increase of the aging population in Western countries; this has led us to reinitiate the psychometric study of the construct validity, revising and including older drivers in the psychometric aspects of those evaluation instruments that will then be used in the Spanish psycho-medical check of drivers and in research. METHODS: Factorial analysis was used to determine validity. RESULTS: There was an appearance of a different psychological pattern in elderly drivers, specifically, a psychological anxiety trait related to the task of driving. Furthermore, interesting data were found about the attitude of this sector toward the "traffic society" and toward some of the measures included in Spanish legislation that affect especially older drivers (such as the psycho-medical check). IMPACT ON INDUSTRY, RESEARCH AND PRACTICE: These results suggest the possible existence of some kind of "compensation phenomenon," which could have influence over the scores obtained and their interpretation. Consequently, the evaluation instruments should be tested and, if necessary, adapted or specifically created for use with this age group.     

“三水优先”的海河流域“十二五”水污染防治战略研究

面对海河流域“十二五”期间突出的饮用水安全保障、城市水环境改善和跨界水协调的污染形势,提出了饮用水、城市水和跨界水为重点的“三水优先”的海河流域水污染防治战略：以“三水”为重点,依托骨干治污工程,创新水污染防治政策,规范重大经济活动,合理调配水资源,严格控制污染物排放,节水优先、增流为本、贴近民生、跨界协调,集中解决一批海河流域突出的水环境问题,努力为海河流域建设全面小康社会提供环境安全保障。     

福州港小型加油船污染防治与管理

针对福州港区系泊、作业的小型加油船污染环境问题，提出污染防治与加强环境管理的措施。     

潜流湿地系统防堵塞设计及运行措施探讨

根据已掌握的国内外湿地技术和实际工程经验,对潜流人工湿地系统的堵塞问题进行了探讨和分析,从工程设计与工程运行的角度,提出了l污水进入潜流湿地系统的基本要求,并给出湿地单元防堵塞的设计方法和运行措施,为人工湿地的建设和运行起到了一定的指导作用。     

Land-traffic crash leading to passenger vehicle submersion,drowning and other fatal injuries: A 44-year study based on records from the Finnish Crash Data Institute

Background: Land motor traffic crash (LMTC) -related drownings are an overlooked and preventable cause of injury death. The aim of this study was to analyze the profile of water-related LMTCs involving passenger cars and leading to drowning and fatal injuries in Finland, 1972 through 2015. Materials and methods: The database of the Finnish Crash Data Institute (FCDI) that gathers detailed information on fatal traffic accidents provided records on all LMTCs leading to drowning during the study period and, from 2002 to 2015, on all water-related LMTCs, regardless of the cause of death. For each crash, we considered variables on circumstances, vehicle, and fatality profiles. Results: During the study period, the FCDI investigated 225 water-related LMTCs resulting in 285 fatalities. The majority of crashes involved passenger cars (124), and the cause of death was mostly drowning (167). Only 61 (36.5%) fatalities suffered some–generally mild–injuries. The crashes frequently occurred during fall or summer (63.7%), in a river or ditch (60.5%), and resulted in complete vehicle’s submersion (53.7 %). Half of the crashes occurred in adverse weather conditions and in over 40% of the cases, the driver had exceeded the speed limit. Among drivers, 77 (68.8%) tested positive for alcohol (mean BAC 1.8%). Conclusion: Multidisciplinary investigations of LMTCs have a much higher potential than do exclusive police and medico-legal investigations. The risk factors of water-related LMTCs are similar to those of other traffic crashes. However, generally the fatal event in water-related LMTC is not the crash itself, but drowning. The paucity of severe physical injuries suggests that victims’ functional capacity is usually preserved during vehicle submersion. Practical Applications: In water-related LMTCs, expansion of safety measures is warranted from general traffic-injury prevention to prevention of drowning, including development of safety features for submerged vehicles and simple self-rescue protocols to escape from a sinking vehicle.     

重庆市“蓝天行动”的历史回顾与新一轮实施发展

通过对2005年以来重庆市“蓝天行动”实施的历史回顾,梳理和总结出重庆市环境空气污染治理监管的成果和经验,并提出了新一轮“蓝天行动”(2018—2022年)以控制细颗粒物PM_2.5污染和减少臭氧污染为重点,以降低氮氧化物浓度为突破点,坚持全民共治、源头防治为目标,制定了“四控两增”针对性的防治工程措施。截止2020年,重庆市优良天数达到333天,PM_2.5年均浓度达到33μg/m³,空气质量评价六项指标首次实现有监测记录以来全部达标,为历史最好水平。     

荆州市饮用水水源地环境现状及保护对策研究

对荆州市境内所有139个乡镇以上所有饮用水水源地和44个典型农村饮用水水源地基础环境进行了调查,深入分析了饮用水水源地工业污染、生活污水、分散式畜禽养殖、农业面源等污染情况,并对饮用水水源地水质状况进行了评价。结果表明:全市183个饮用水水源地有达标个数为85个,达标率为46.45%。其中,河流型水源地达标率为79.01%;湖库型水源地达标率为40%;地下水型水源地达标率为12.5%。最后总结了荆州市饮用水水源地存在的主要环境问题,针对问题提出相应的保护对策和建议。     

室内装修污染危害及其防治

文章介绍了室内环境污染的来源和危害,分析了造成室内环境污染的各种因素,通过对近年来包头市室内污染状况的调查分析,提出了解决污染问题的对策和措施。     

重点区域环境空气质量监测方案与评价方法探讨

我国区域性大气污染问题频频发生,成为当前亟待解决的重大环境问题。区域联防联控工作需要建立相应的区域空气质量监测体系和评价方法,这对已有的监测体系提出了新的要求。在区域监测体系中需要增加臭氧、细粒子等区域性污染物及其前体物的监测,同时设立区域监控点使监测网络覆盖面由城市建成区拓展到广大近郊及农村地区。采用移动式柱浓度监测和卫星遥感监测等多样化监测手段结合超级空气站来增强区域综合监测和源解析能力。在区域内搭建监测信息共享平台和实时发布机制并建立区域空气质量预警预报系统。建立区域内统一的质量管理和质量控制方案,城市监测点质控工作由所在省市管理,区域监控点质控工作由国家统一直管。采用分区分层次的区域空气质量评价方法,评价因子包括所有六项监测指标。     

论灾害“预防文化”

本文以现代灾害管理和系统工程的观点,论述了灾害预防文化的基础背景以及在我国建设灾害预防文化的内容。