三峡工程对武湖地区生态环境影响及其对策

以实地考察和水文资料分析结果为依据，阐述了三峡工程对武湖地区防洪，春旱时灌溉和航运带来的有利影响，及枯季１～５月排水所产生的不利影响。建议加强湖区水利建设，提高电排能力；将地面高程１８Ｍ以下耕地退田还湖，以提高湖泊调蓄功能。     

三峡工程疑虑评析

长江三峡工程有利、有弊。利,是巨大的;弊,也是深远的。特别是对生态环境方面的影响。本着对人民负责和对子孙后代负责的精神,必须对不利影响予以高度重视,采取得力措施将其降低到最小程度。     

滤筒式除尘器工作原理与工程实践

介绍了利用改进滤筒、增加导流装置等一系列技术措施 ,提高滤筒式除尘器的性能 ,使之应用于轻烧石灰除尘系统。实践表明 ,设备运行稳定 ,效果良好。     

“西电东送”贵州火电项目对区域PM10污染的影响

以贵州省为中心的"西电东送"南部通道(20°N～33°N,97°E～118°E)为研究区域,分别对该区域2004(现状年)和2010年(规划年)的PM10污染情况进行模拟和预测.分析了该区域现状年与规划年2个时段的PM10污染空间分布特征,对比了原生和次生PM10的贡献,指出造成该区域PM10污染的主要原因.结果表明:研究区域内PM10污染主要由次生PM10造成,而次生PM10主要是由二氧化硫反应生成的硫酸盐颗粒物.因此,对于贵州火电规划项目而言,减轻区域PM10污染须减排二氧化硫.     

日本森林管理的最新发展——以日本神奈川县林业政策过程为例

为了追求更好的森林管理效果,对相关森林政策的实施,不是仅仅停留在传统的狭义的行政管理部门上,同时还要涉及到经营者、市民以及当地居民等利益相关者,使他们都要以相互协调的方式参与到森林管理当中来.它是建立在一定的森林价值现基础上,基于科学原理并突破以往的技术层面而对森林进行的一系列更加合理的管理措施体系.本文以日本神奈川县的林业政策形成过程为例对森林治理问题进行了讨论.     

在中国环境投资体制现状下推行环境基金的构想

在分析中国现行环境投资体制的现状基础上，结合OECD^[1]和过渡经济国家^[2]的成功经验，以及国内地方型环境基金实施情况，从环境信贷和投资的角度提出了推行环境基金的一般框架构想，并提出了环境基金运作的一般流程，分析了环境基金自身的实施运作过程以及与各相关利益主体的关系；在此基础上提出了相应项目周期管理方案。     

Urban sharing in smart cities: the cases of Berlin and London

ABSTRACT

Addressing urban sustainability challenges requires changes in the way systems of provision and services are designed, organised and delivered. In this context, two promising phenomena have gained interest from the academia, the public sector and the media: “smart cities” and “urban sharing”. Smart cities rely on the extensive use of information and communications technology (ICT) to increase efficiencies in urban areas, while urban sharing builds on the collaborative use of idling resources enabled by ICT in densely populated cities. The concepts have many similar features and share common goals, yet cities with smart city agendas often fail to take a stance on urban sharing. Thus, its potentials are going largely unnoticed by local governments. This article addresses this issue by exploring cases of London and Berlin – two ICT-dense cities with clearly articulated smart city agendas and an abundance of sharing platforms. Drawing on urban governance literature, we develop a conceptual framework that specifies the roles that cities assume when governing urban sharing: city as regulator, city as provider, city as enabler and city as consumer. We find that both cities indirectly support urban sharing through smart agenda programmes, which aim to facilitate ICT-enabled technical innovation and emergence of start-ups. However, programmes, strategies, support schemes and regulations aimed directly at urban sharing initiatives are few. We also find that Berlin is sceptical towards urban sharing organisations, while London took more of a collaborative approach. Implications for policy-makers are discussed in the end.     

Policy learning in collaborative environmental governance processes

ABSTRACT

Collaborative governance processes have become a popular mechanism for addressing complex environmental problems. Their success is premised, in part, on the assumption that they promote learning among diverse participants, who are then better equipped to develop creative, consensus-oriented environmental management actions. Significant gaps remain, however, in our understanding of how collaborative governance processes foster learning and what impact increased learning has on policymaking outputs. To investigate these relationships, this study provides one of the first empirical applications of Heikkila and Gerlak's collective learning framework. Key framework concepts are operationalized via interview data and existing literature and then measured via survey data collected from participants in a collaborative environmental governance process in Colorado, U.S. Findings indicate that both internal and exogenous contextual factors affect how much an individual learns within a collective context. Additionally, participants who report more learning also more strongly agree that the process produced favorable outputs and outcomes. These findings advance theories of learning in collaborative contexts and inform process design to maximize learning.     

Learning in participatory environmental governance – its antecedents and effects. Findings from a case survey meta-analysis

ABSTRACT

Theory on participatory and collaborative governance maintains that learning is essential to achieve good environmental outcomes. Empirical research has mostly produced individual case studies, and reliable evidence on both antecedents and environmental outcomes of learning remains sparse. Given conceptual ambiguities in the literature, we define governance-related learning in a threefold way: learning as deliberation; as knowledge- and capacity-building; and as informing environmental outputs. We develop nine propositions that explain learning through factors characterizing governance process and context, and three propositions explaining environmental outcomes of learning. We test these propositions drawing on the ‘SCAPE’ database of 307 published case studies of environmental decision-making, using multiple regression models. Results show that learning in all three modes is explained to some extent by a combination of process- and context-related factors. Most factors matter for learning, but with stark differences across the three modes of learning, thus demonstrating the relevance of this differentiated approach. Learning modes build on one another: Deliberation is seen to explain both capacity building and informed outputs, while informed outputs are also explained by capacity building. Contrary to our expectations, none of the learning variables was found to significantly affect environmental outcomes when considered alongside the process- and context-related variables.     

环境NGO及其制度机理

环境NGO是政府和企业之外参预环境治理的＂第三力量＂,其活动涵盖了环境治理的各个方面。环境NGO的非政府性、非营利性和自发性等特征,使其在环境治理中发挥了不可替代的作用。作为一种具有创新性的制度安排,环境NGO突破了政府主导环境治理的局限,实现了环境治理制度的多样化。其作用机理在于环境利益的诉求主体明确,交易成本较低,治理结构合理等。中国环境NGO制度尚不完善,整体水平较低,亟需加以改进。