浅析数字化气氡与模拟水氡的差异性

以安徽庐江井的SD-3A型自动测氡仪连续观测和FD-125测氡仪人工观测的资料为基础,结合笔者的观测实践和有关试验,并参考省内外有关台站的观测资料,分析和讨论了数字化测气氡和人工测水氡在地下水中的赋存方式及相互关系、取样方式、测量方法、计量单位的物理意义、影响因素、干扰排除、标定方法、前兆异常动态等方面的差异及其可能的原因.便于研究人员和观测人员在实际操作中参考和应用.     

现代测绘技术在解决矿区资源与环境问题中的应用探讨

以“３Ｓ”技术及其集成为代表的现代测绘技术在解决我国矿区存在的资源浪费及环境污染问题中具有重要的应用价值,本文对此进行了全面的探讨。     

Fetal renal artery flow velocity waveforms in the presence of congenital renal tract anomalies

Colour Doppler flow mapping of the renal arteries and subsequent pulsed Doppler measurement of impedance to flow in these vessels were attempted in 33 fetuses with postnatally confirmed renal pathology. The majority presented with unilateral or bilateral hydronephro-sis (n = 21) and bilateral renal agenesis (n = 8). Renal artery blood flow could be visualized in all, except for the eight cases of bilateral renal agenesis. Bilateral flow velocity recordings were collected in six out of 12 cases of bilateral hydronephrosis and in five out of nine cases of unilateral hydronephrosis. The pulsatility index (PI), as a measure of downstream impedance, was in the normal range in 16 out of 18 kidneys (88 per cent) in bilateral hydronephrosis and in 12 out of 14 kidneys (85 per cent) in unilateral hydronephrosis. The PI was significantly higher in severe hydronephrosis compared with mild hydronephrosis. In four cases of unilateral multicystic kidney, the PI was always higher on the affected side. Colour Doppler flow mapping and pulsed Doppler evaluation may be helpful in our understanding of renal vascularization in renal pathology and in confirming the diagnosis of renal agenesis.     

互联网在防治环境污染中的应用

互联网的广泛应用已涉及环境污染的防治，从而使与之有关的应急计划、自然资源保护、书故指挥系统等信息传送的面目为之一新，义中介绍互联网在编制环境敏感地图和海上溢油舱测上的应用。     

Landscape pattern and its effect on ecosystem functions in Seoul Metropolitan area: urban ecology on distribution of the naturalized plant species

During land transformation process in the human history,naturalized plants were introduced to several land use patterns by the different ways of plant itself .Including some naturalized plants that had been contribute to land restoration,many naturalized plants have been invaded to original habitat or landscape for native plants.Once the plants were colonized,they extend their area and population size.Urban developed areas often give an impotant role of source habitat for naturalized plants and expanding their popuation size.In recent,this tituation is appearing as one of environmental problems about the urban landscape management controlling the naturalized plants that invaded in the developed area and conserving the native vegetation.This paper is focusing on relationships between distribution of habitat of naturalized plants and landscape patch in urban area in Seoul.Gengdong-Gu ,one of the administrative areas in Seoul was selected for this study.We examined the recent land use change using LANDSAT TM data and spreading of the representative naturalized plants(Robinia pseudoacacia and Eupatorium rugosum)by Seoul Biotope Mapping Project and field survey in 1999.As a result,these two species were often occurred in the same habitat and distributed in forest edge disturbed by man.Their distribution patterns were related to landscape indices (patch size and shape)in the forest edge.     

中低产水稻土障碍类型图编制雏议——以广东博罗县龙溪镇为例

中低产水稻土障碍类型图是通过各种不同形状的图斑与符号,反映区域内中低产水稻土的障碍因素、土壤环境、土壤物理和土壤化学性质的空间分布状况。本文是编制1:5万中低产水稻土障碍类型图的初步偿试。通过对37个具有代表性的中低产水稻土障碍性剖面的实地勘查、119个样品的理化分析结果,以及参考有关的图件资料,运用野外考察及室内分析的方法进行制图。该障碍类型图,可为区域中低产水稻土的改良利用提供科学依据。     

基于显微拉曼面扫的小尺寸微塑料检测方法

由于检测方法的限制,小尺寸（<50 μm）微塑料的检测研究较少.提出一种无须挑选、能够较为准确高效识别小尺寸微塑料的方法.筛选出2种合适的过滤膜作为分离和分析微塑料所用基底,使用显微拉曼光谱的面扫模式对5种常见的微塑料进行定性和定量检测.结果表明,该方法能够将最小粒径为1μm的小尺寸微塑料从滤膜背景上识别出来,并作伪彩色图直观显示微塑料的尺寸、形状和种类.以石英砂颗粒模拟环境样品中的杂质,该方法也可排除杂质的影响,准确定位微塑料.在3种浓度梯度下,不同粒径（5~50μm）的聚苯乙烯微塑料回收率为33.3%~79.0%.     

滑坡风险图编制探讨

近20年来,滑坡风险图编制在减灾中发挥着越来越重要的作用,地理信息系统技术作为空间分析的定量方法,已日益广泛应用于滑坡风险评价.探讨了滑坡风险图编制的方法和程序,并描述了用于地理信息系统识别和定量计算不同滑坡风险分区的系统方法.以中国云南红河流域为研究区,应用地理信息系统技术成功地完成了滑坡风险图编制.研究表明,滑坡风险图可作为滑坡减灾决策的依据.     

Tools for Groundwater Protection Planning: An Example from McHenry County, Illinois, USA

/ This paper presents an approach for producing aquifer sensitivity maps from three-dimensional geologic maps, called stack-unit maps. Stack-unit maps depict the succession of geologic materials to a given depth, and aquifer sensitivity maps interpret the successions according totheir ability to transmit potential contaminants. Using McHenry County, Illinois, as a case study, stack-unit maps and an aquifer sensitivity assessment were made to help land-use planners, public health officials, consultants, developers, and the public make informed decisions regarding land use. A map of aquifer sensitivity is important for planning because the county is one of the fastest growing counties in the nation, and highly vulnerable sand and gravel aquifers occur within 6 m of ground surface over 75% of its area. The aquifer sensitivity map can provide guidance to regulators seeking optimal protection of groundwater resources where these resources are particularly vulnerable. In addition, the map can be used to help officials direct waste-disposal and industrial facilities and other sensitive land-use practices to areas where the least damage is likely to occur, thereby reducing potential future liabilities. KEY WORDS: Geologic mapping; Groundwater; Aquifers; Aquifer sensitivity; Land-use planning     

Use and abuse of Pb-isotope fingerprinting technique and GIS mapping data to assess lead in environmental studies

The danger to health, especially of young children, from lead-bearing particulates in the surface environment is still a valid concern. Given the multifaceted uses of lead today as well as historically, the sources of lead must be investigated to distinguish the etiology of lead contamination on the environment. The lead isotope finger printing technique based on isotopic ratio analyses (IRA) is one of the methods used commonly for provenancing lead sources in environmental studies throughout the world. This technique, however, has some inherited shortcomings. Therefore, caution must be used in the interpretation of the results, as this technique can lead to overestimations as well as underestimations of the true source etiology/apportionment of lead in specific environments. This paper illustrates this with some examples. Data on geographical information systems (GIS) mapping in urban regions are also presented in this paper.